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Disorder of the genitourinary system

MedGen UID:: 508335
•Concept ID:: C0080276
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Disease, Genitourinary; Disease, Urogenital; Genitourinary Disease; Genitourinary Diseases; Urogenital Disease; Urogenital Diseases
SNOMED CT:	Disorder of the genitourinary system (42030000); Urogenital disorder (42030000); Disorder of genitourinary system (42030000); Syndrome of the genitourinary system (42030000); Urogenital disease (42030000)

Definition

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the genitourinary system. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVDisorder of the genitourinary system

Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
- Pathological process
  - Disease
    - Disorder by Site
      - Disorder of the genitourinary system
        Abnormality of the genitourinary system
        Abnormality of the genital system
        Abnormal reproductive system morphology
        Abnormality of reproductive system physiology
        Abnormality of the urinary system
        Abnormality of the lower urinary tract
        Abnormality of the upper urinary tract
        Abnormality of the urinary system physiology
        Urinary tract atresia
        Absent penis
        Agenesis of uterus
        Bladder exstrophy
        Supravesical Fissure of Urinary Bladder
        Congenital fusion of kidneys
        Congenital malformation of the urinary system
        Congenital posterior urethral valve
        Congenital Renal Hypoplasia
        Double kidney
        Horseshoe kidney
        Hypospadias
        Malposition of Ureter
        Patent urachus
        Pelvic kidney
        Renal agenesis
        Urachal diverticulum
        Urachal Remnant
        Ureteral duplication
        Congenital Reproductive System Abnormality
        Disorder of sexual differentiation
        Non-Neoplastic Gonadal Disorder
        Cryptophthalmos syndrome
        Cryptorchidism
        Bilateral cryptorchidism
        Unilateral cryptorchidism
        Epispadias
        Continent Epispadias
        Epispadias, male
        Incontinent Epispadias
        Fetal pyelectasis
        Bilateral fetal pyelectasis
        Hereditary nephritis
        Hypoplasia of the vagina
        Multicystic kidney dysplasia
        Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
        Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney
        Penoscrotal transposition
        Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome
        Persistent mullerian duct syndrome, type I
        Persistent mullerian duct syndrome, type II
        Retrocaval ureter
        Sex Development Disorder
        46,XX disorder of sex development
        46,XX sex reversal 1
        46,XY disorder of sex development
        Adrenogenital syndrome
        Gonadal dysgenesis
        Sex chromosome disorder of sex development
        Unilateral renal agenesis
        Urinary fistula
        Bladder fistula
        Renal Pelvis Fistula
        Urethral fistula
        Urogenital fistula
        Female urinary-genital tract fistula
        Perineal fistula
        Vaginal fistula
        Diseases, Genital
        Disorder of female genital system
        Adnexal Diseases
        Dyspareunia
        Endometriosis
        Female genital tuberculosis
        Female infertility
        Genital herpes
        Gynatresia
        Infection, Reproductive Tract
        Uterine disorder
        Vaginal disorder
        Vaginismus
        Vulvar disease
        Disorder of male genital organ
        Disorder of testis
        Epididymitis
        Erectile dysfunction
        Fournier gangrene
        Hematocele of tunica vaginalis testis
        Hemospermia
        Hydrocele testis
        Male genital tuberculosis
        Male infertility
        Male reproductive system neoplasm
        Penile disorder
        Premature ejaculation
        Prostate disorder
        Spermatic cord torsion
        Spermatocele
        Varicocele
        Infertility disorder
        Physiological sexual disorder
        Sexually transmitted disease
        Bacterial sexually transmitted disease
        Gonorrhea
        Treponemal infection
        Viral sexually transmitted disease
        Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications
        Female Urogenital Diseases
        Neoplasm of the genitourinary tract
        Pelvic Floor Disorder
        Urinary system disorder
        Urogenital tuberculosis
        Pregnancy Complication
        Abnormal pregnancy
        Angular pregnancy
        Antepartum hemorrhage
        Antepartum Uterine Rupture
        Bleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy
        Blighted ovum
        Cervical insufficiency
        Chemical pregnancy
        Chorea gravidarum
        Deaths, Maternal
        Discordant Twin
        Disorder of placenta
        Ectopic pregnancy
        Embryonic Loss
        Fetal death
        Fetal disorder
        Gestational Complication
        Gestational diabetes
        Hemorrhagic complication of pregnancy
        Herpes gestationis
        High risk pregnancy
        Hyperemesis gravidarum
        Hypertension, pregnancy-induced
        Labor Complication
        Late Pregnancy Bleeding
        Maternal Complication of Pregnancy
        Maternal Fever
        Maternal Hypotension
        Maternal phenylketonuria
        Morning sickness
        Non-Rh Blood Group Isoimmunization
        Nuchal cord
        Obesity in Pregnancy
        Oligohydramnios
        Perinatal death
        Polyhydramnios
        Post-term pregnancy
        Postpartum Complication
        Precipitous Birth
        Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular
        Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic
        Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
        Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic
        Pregnancy with Intrauterine Device
        Pregnancy-Related Nausea and/or Vomiting
        Premature rupture of membranes
        Preterm Birth Complication
        Puerperal disorder
        Rh Incompatibility
        Rh isoimmunization
        Spontaneous Abortion
        Threatened miscarriage
        Threatened Preterm Labor
        Unspecified Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy, Unspecified Trimester
        Uterine rupture
        Vanishing twin syndrome
        Genitourinary System Neoplasm
        Benign Genitourinary System Neoplasm
        Benign reproductive system neoplasm
        Benign urinary system neoplasm
        Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm
        Genitourinary System Carcinoma
        Malignant Urinary Tract Neoplasm
        Metastatic Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm
        Mucosal Melanoma of the Genitourinary System
        Recurrent Malignant Genitourinary System Neoplasm
        Reproductive system cancer
        Reproductive system neoplasm
        Female reproductive system neoplasm
        Mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumor
        Reproductive Endocrine Neoplasm
        Sex cord-stromal tumor
        Urinary tract neoplasm
        Bladder neoplasm
        Kidney and Ureter Neoplasm
        Neoplasm of the ureter
        Neoplasm of the urethra
        Renal neoplasm
        Urinary System Paraganglioma
        Urothelial neoplasm
        Male Urogenital Diseases
        Non-Neoplastic Genitourinary System Disorder
        Genitourinary syndrome of menopause
        Infectious disease of genitourinary system
        Endometritis
        Gonococcal Infection of Genitourinary Tract
        Herpetic vulvovaginitis
        Infection of ovary
        Infection of penis
        Infective cystitis
        Infective vaginitis
        Pelvic inflammatory disease
        Prostatic Infection
        Pyometritis
        Pyosalpinx
        Trichomoniasis
        Urinary tract infectious disease
        Vulval Infection
        Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder
        Female Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder
        Male Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder
        Non-Neoplastic Urinary System Disorder
        Nephrogenic adenoma
        Non-Neoplastic Bladder Disorder
        Non-Neoplastic Kidney Disorder
        Non-Neoplastic Ureter Disorder
        Non-Neoplastic Urethra Disorder
        Urolithiasis
        Reproductive system disorder
        Female reproductive system disorder
        Disorder of ovary
        Fallopian tube disorder
        Female Reproductive System Precancerous Condition
        Non-Inflammatory Female Reproductive System Disorder
        Pregnancy disorder
        Gonadal disorder
        Delayed puberty
        Germ cell tumor of testis
        Hypogonadism
        Ovarian germ cell tumor
        Precocious puberty
        Male reproductive system disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group
Kidney Int 2024 Apr;105(4S):S117-S314. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018. PMID: 38490803

KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases.

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group
Kidney Int 2021 Oct;100(4S):S1-S276. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.021. PMID: 34556256

Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia.

Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, Decaux G, Fenske W, Hoorn EJ, Ichai C, Joannidis M, Soupart A, Zietse R, Haller M, van der Veer S, Van Biesen W, Nagler E; Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group
Eur J Endocrinol 2014 Mar;170(3):G1-47. Epub 2014 Feb 25 doi: 10.1530/EJE-13-1020. PMID: 24569125

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Safety of Vaginal Estrogen Therapy for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Women With a History of Breast Cancer.

Agrawal P, Singh SM, Able C, Dumas K, Kohn J, Kohn TP, Clifton M
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Sep 1;142(3):660-668. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005294. PMID: 37535961

Practical Treatment Considerations in the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Kagan R, Kellogg-Spadt S, Parish SJ
Drugs Aging 2019 Oct;36(10):897-908. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00700-w. PMID: 31452067 Free PMC Article

The Burden of Candidate Pathogenic Variants for Kidney and Genitourinary Disorders Emerging From Exome Sequencing.

Rasouly HM, Groopman EE, Heyman-Kantor R, Fasel DA, Mitrotti A, Westland R, Bier L, Weng C, Ren Z, Copeland B, Krithivasan P, Chung WK, Sanna-Cherchi S, Goldstein DB, Gharavi AG
Ann Intern Med 2019 Jan 1;170(1):11-21. Epub 2018 Nov 27 doi: 10.7326/M18-1241. PMID: 30476936

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction.

Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society
Neurourol Urodyn 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798. PMID: 19941278

The medical complications of obesity.

Malnick SD, Knobler H
QJM 2006 Sep;99(9):565-79. Epub 2006 Aug 17 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcl085. PMID: 16916862

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Diagnosis

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Cox S, Nasseri R, Rubin RS, Santiago-Lastra Y
Med Clin North Am 2023 Mar;107(2):357-369. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.017. PMID: 36759102

Urologic Emergencies.

Manjunath AS, Hofer MD
Med Clin North Am 2018 Mar;102(2):373-385. Epub 2017 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2017.10.013. PMID: 29406065

Abdominal Masses.

Potisek NM, Antoon JW
Pediatr Rev 2017 Feb;38(2):101-103. doi: 10.1542/pir.2016-0087. PMID: 28148712

The First European Evidence-based Consensus on Extra-intestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Harbord M, Annese V, Vavricka SR, Allez M, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Boberg KM, Burisch J, De Vos M, De Vries AM, Dick AD, Juillerat P, Karlsen TH, Koutroubakis I, Lakatos PL, Orchard T, Papay P, Raine T, Reinshagen M, Thaci D, Tilg H, Carbonnel F; European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation
J Crohns Colitis 2016 Mar;10(3):239-54. Epub 2015 Nov 27 doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv213. PMID: 26614685 Free PMC Article

Low back pain.

Deyo RA, Weinstein JN
N Engl J Med 2001 Feb 1;344(5):363-70. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200102013440508. PMID: 11172169

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Therapy

Practical Treatment Considerations in the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Kagan R, Kellogg-Spadt S, Parish SJ
Drugs Aging 2019 Oct;36(10):897-908. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00700-w. PMID: 31452067 Free PMC Article

Clinical trial design: The nobility of randomization.

Michael NL
Sci Transl Med 2017 Dec 6;9(419) doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq0810. PMID: 29212710

Recurrent spontaneous abortion.

McIntyre JA, Coulam CB, Faulk WP
Am J Reprod Immunol 1989 Nov-Dec;21(3-4):100-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1989.tb01011.x. PMID: 2534830

Prognostic factors for randomization and stratification and endpoints for the evaluation of trials.

Sylvester RJ, Suciu S, Yamanaka H
Prog Clin Biol Res 1988;269:275-87. PMID: 3293065

Chemotherapy for prostatic carcinoma.

Eisenberger MA, Abrams JS
Semin Urol 1988 Nov;6(4):303-10. PMID: 3068768

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Prognosis

Worldwide trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, with predictions for the next 15 years.

Lin S, Gao K, Gu S, You L, Qian S, Tang M, Wang J, Chen K, Jin M
Cancer 2021 Nov 1;127(21):4030-4039. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1002/cncr.33795. PMID: 34368955

Trends in cervical cancer mortality in China from 1989 to 2018: an age-period-cohort study and Joinpoint analysis.

Guo M, Xu J, Du J
BMC Public Health 2021 Jul 6;21(1):1329. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11401-8. PMID: 34229639 Free PMC Article

Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis.

Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjosé S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, Bray F
Lancet Glob Health 2020 Feb;8(2):e191-e203. Epub 2019 Dec 4 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6. PMID: 31812369 Free PMC Article

The frequency and outcome of lupus nephritis: results from an international inception cohort study.

Hanly JG, O'Keeffe AG, Su L, Urowitz MB, Romero-Diaz J, Gordon C, Bae SC, Bernatsky S, Clarke AE, Wallace DJ, Merrill JT, Isenberg DA, Rahman A, Ginzler EM, Fortin P, Gladman DD, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Petri M, Bruce IN, Dooley MA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Aranow C, Alarcón GS, Fessler BJ, Steinsson K, Nived O, Sturfelt GK, Manzi S, Khamashta MA, van Vollenhoven RF, Zoma AA, Ramos-Casals M, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Lim SS, Stoll T, Inanc M, Kalunian KC, Kamen DL, Maddison P, Peschken CA, Jacobsen S, Askanase A, Theriault C, Thompson K, Farewell V
Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016 Feb;55(2):252-62. Epub 2015 Sep 5 doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev311. PMID: 26342222 Free PMC Article

Genitourinary problems in bicyclists.

Asplund C, Barkdull T, Weiss BD
Curr Sports Med Rep 2007 Oct;6(5):333-9. PMID: 17883970

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Clinical prediction guides

The comparison of two prediction models for ureteral stones: CHOKAI and STONE scores.

Rohat AK, Kurt E, Şenel Ç
Am J Emerg Med 2021 Jun;44:187-191. Epub 2020 Sep 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.099. PMID: 33041128

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Bladder Cancer: Development of VI-RADS (Vesical Imaging-Reporting And Data System).

Panebianco V, Narumi Y, Altun E, Bochner BH, Efstathiou JA, Hafeez S, Huddart R, Kennish S, Lerner S, Montironi R, Muglia VF, Salomon G, Thomas S, Vargas HA, Witjes JA, Takeuchi M, Barentsz J, Catto JWF
Eur Urol 2018 Sep;74(3):294-306. Epub 2018 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.04.029. PMID: 29755006 Free PMC Article

The PROMIS of MRI.

Ahmed HU
BJU Int 2016 Jul;118(1):7. doi: 10.1111/bju.13547. PMID: 27311545

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction.

Amniotic fluid assessment.

Williams K
Obstet Gynecol Surv 1993 Dec;48(12):795-800. doi: 10.1097/00006254-199312000-00005. PMID: 8309662

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Recent systematic reviews

Antioxidant vitamins supplementation reduce endometriosis related pelvic pain in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zheng SH, Chen XX, Chen Y, Wu ZC, Chen XQ, Li XL
Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023 Aug 29;21(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12958-023-01126-1. PMID: 37644533 Free PMC Article

The efficacy of emergency cervical cerclage in singleton and twin pregnancies: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Hulshoff CC, Bosgraaf RP, Spaanderman MEA, Inthout J, Scholten RR, Van Drongelen J
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023 Jul;5(7):100971. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100971. PMID: 37084870

European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Female Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Part 1: Diagnostics, Overactive Bladder, Stress Urinary Incontinence, and Mixed Urinary Incontinence.

Nambiar AK, Arlandis S, Bø K, Cobussen-Boekhorst H, Costantini E, de Heide M, Farag F, Groen J, Karavitakis M, Lapitan MC, Manso M, Arteaga SM, Riogh ANA, O'Connor E, Omar MI, Peyronnet B, Phé V, Sakalis VI, Sihra N, Tzelves L, van Poelgeest-Pomfret ML, van den Bos TWL, van der Vaart H, Harding CK
Eur Urol 2022 Jul;82(1):49-59. Epub 2022 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.045. PMID: 35216856

Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women.

Woodley SJ, Lawrenson P, Boyle R, Cody JD, Mørkved S, Kernohan A, Hay-Smith EJC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 May 6;5(5):CD007471. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007471.pub4. PMID: 32378735 Free PMC Article

INFERTILITY AND SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW.

Starc A, Trampuš M, Pavan Jukić D, Rotim C, Jukić T, Polona Mivšek A
Acta Clin Croat 2019 Sep;58(3):508-515. doi: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.03.15. PMID: 31969764 Free PMC Article

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