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Disorder of testis

MedGen UID:: 11743
•Concept ID:: C0039584
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Testicular disease; Testicular disorder
SNOMED CT:	Disorder of testis (64910008); Testicular disorder (64910008); Testicular disease (236763001)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0002329

Definition

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the testis. Representative examples include torsion, infarction, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, lymphoma, and leukemia. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVDisorder of testis

Pathological process
- Disease
  - Disorder by Site
    - Disorder of the genitourinary system
      - Diseases, Genital
        Disorder of male genital organ
        Disorder of testis
        Cryptorchidism
        Bilateral cryptorchidism
        Unilateral cryptorchidism
        Orchitis
        Non-specific granulomatous orchitis
        Testicular neoplasm
        Benign neoplasm of testis
        Benign testicular sertoli cell tumor
        Testicular fibroma
        Testicular Mature Teratoma
        Childhood testicular neoplasm
        Childhood testicular germ cell tumor
        Germ cell tumor of testis
        Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumor
        Malignant testicular germ cell tumor
        Regressed Testicular Germ Cell Tumor
        Spermatocytic seminoma
        Testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumor
        Testicular pure germ cell tumor
        Testicular seminoma
        Juvenile type testicular granulosa cell tumor
        Malignant tumor of testis
        Malignant Testicular Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
        Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Testis
        Seminoma
        Testicular Cancer by AJCC v6 and v7 Stage
        Testicular Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage
        Testicular leukemia
        Testicular lymphoma
        Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma
        Testicular Plasmacytoma
        Testicular teratoma
        Testis sarcoma
        Sertoli cell neoplasm
        Precocious puberty with Sertoli cell tumor
        Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
        Leydig cell tumor
        Sertoli cell tumor
        Testicular adrenal rest tumor
        Testicular Brenner tumor
        Testicular gonadoblastoma
        Testicular Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor, Unclassified
        Testicular sex cord-stromal neoplasm
        Intratubular Large Cell Hyalinizing Sertoli Cell Neoplasia
        Testicular granulosa cell tumor
        Testicular Leydig cell tumor
        Testicular Mixed Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
        Testicular sertoli cell tumor
        Testicular Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified
        Testicular Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group
        Testicular Non-Neoplastic Disorder
        Ascending Testicle
        Retractile testis
        Spermatic cord torsion
        Testicular atrophy
        Testicular Hypotrophy
        Testicular infarct

Professional guidelines

PubMed

EAA clinical practice guidelines-gynecomastia evaluation and management.

Kanakis GA, Nordkap L, Bang AK, Calogero AE, Bártfai G, Corona G, Forti G, Toppari J, Goulis DG, Jørgensen N
Andrology 2019 Nov;7(6):778-793. Epub 2019 May 16 doi: 10.1111/andr.12636. PMID: 31099174

Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Baird DC, Meyers GJ, Hu JS
Am Fam Physician 2018 Feb 15;97(4):261-268. PMID: 29671528

Testicular Cancer: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Smith ZL, Werntz RP, Eggener SE
Med Clin North Am 2018 Mar;102(2):251-264. Epub 2017 Dec 21 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2017.10.003. PMID: 29406056

See all (2063)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Testicular epidermoid cyst.

Çakıroğlu B, Sönmez NC, Sinanoğlu O, Ateş L, Aksoy SH, Özcan F
Afr J Paediatr Surg 2015 Jan-Mar;12(1):89-90. doi: 10.4103/0189-6725.151002. PMID: 25659561 Free PMC Article

Cryptorchidism.

Lee PA, Houk CP
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013 Jun;20(3):210-6. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32835ffc7d. PMID: 23493040

Imaging of non-neoplastic intratesticular masses.

Bhatt S, Jafri SZ, Wasserman N, Dogra VS
Diagn Interv Radiol 2011 Mar;17(1):52-63. Epub 2010 Jun 30 doi: 10.4261/1305-3825.DIR.3116-09.0. PMID: 20677130

Scrotal calculi.

Artas H, Orhan I
J Ultrasound Med 2007 Dec;26(12):1775-9. doi: 10.7863/jum.2007.26.12.1775. PMID: 18029930

Testicular injuries.

Cass AS, Luxenberg M
Urology 1991 Jun;37(6):528-30. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(91)80317-z. PMID: 2038785

See all (9687)

Diagnosis

Male infertility due to testicular disorders.

Sharma A, Minhas S, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Jan 23;106(2):e442-e459. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa781. PMID: 33295608 Free PMC Article

Acute Scrotal Emergencies.

Bourke MM, Silverberg JZ
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Nov;37(4):593-610. Epub 2019 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.07.002. PMID: 31563197

Scrotal Ultrasound.

Rebik K, Wagner JM, Middleton W
Radiol Clin North Am 2019 May;57(3):635-648. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.01.007. PMID: 30928082

Cryptorchidism.

Lee PA, Houk CP
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013 Jun;20(3):210-6. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32835ffc7d. PMID: 23493040

Paratesticular tumor-like lesions.

Oliva E, Young RH
Semin Diagn Pathol 2000 Nov;17(4):340-58. PMID: 11202549

See all (11318)

Therapy

Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer: Environment, Genes and Infections-Is It All?

Yazici S, Del Biondo D, Napodano G, Grillo M, Calace FP, Prezioso D, Crocetto F, Barone B
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Apr 7;59(4) doi: 10.3390/medicina59040724. PMID: 37109682 Free PMC Article

Atypical testicular pain.

Bedi N, Rahimi MNC, Menzies S, Kalsi J
BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 19;12(2) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226697. PMID: 30787023 Free PMC Article

Cryptorchidism --disease or symptom?

Toppari J, Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2014 May;75(2):72-6. Epub 2014 Apr 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2014.04.010. PMID: 24786701

The undescended testis.

MacKinnon AE
Indian J Pediatr 2005 May;72(5):429-32. doi: 10.1007/BF02731742. PMID: 15973027

Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Robson WL, Leung AK
Adv Pediatr 1994;41:163-94. PMID: 7992683

See all (6717)

Prognosis

Testicular cancer survivorship.

Gilligan T
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011 Jun;25(3):627-39, x. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.03.010. PMID: 21570614

Cryptorchidism.

Hutson JM, Balic A, Nation T, Southwell B
Semin Pediatr Surg 2010 Aug;19(3):215-24. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. PMID: 20610195

Maldescendus testis.

Toppari J, Kaleva M
Horm Res 1999 Dec;51(6):261-9. doi: 10.1159/000023412. PMID: 10640886

Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Robson WL, Leung AK
Adv Pediatr 1994;41:163-94. PMID: 7992683

Testicular injuries.

Cass AS, Luxenberg M
Urology 1991 Jun;37(6):528-30. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(91)80317-z. PMID: 2038785

See all (7067)

Clinical prediction guides

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Testicular Microlithiasis and Incidence of Testicular Cancer.

Wang T, Liu L, Luo J, Liu T, Wei A
Urol J 2015 Apr 29;12(2):2057-64. PMID: 25923148

Varicocelectomy in the treatment of testicular pain: a review.

Shridharani A, Lockwood G, Sandlow J
Curr Opin Urol 2012 Nov;22(6):499-506. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e328358f69f. PMID: 22965318

Cutting-edge issues in autoimmune orchitis.

Silva CA, Cocuzza M, Borba EF, Bonfá E
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012 Apr;42(2):256-63. doi: 10.1007/s12016-011-8281-z. PMID: 21842235

Testicular microlithiasis and carcinoma in situ overview and proposed clinical guideline.

van Casteren NJ, Looijenga LH, Dohle GR
Int J Androl 2009 Aug;32(4):279-87. Epub 2008 Dec 22 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00937.x. PMID: 19207616

Maldescendus testis.

Toppari J, Kaleva M
Horm Res 1999 Dec;51(6):261-9. doi: 10.1159/000023412. PMID: 10640886

See all (5019)

Recent systematic reviews

Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Risk of Kidney, Liver, and Testicular Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Seyyedsalehi MS, Boffetta P
Med Lav 2023 Oct 24;114(5):e2023040. doi: 10.23749/mdl.v114i5.15065. PMID: 37878255 Free PMC Article

Lifestyle-, environmental-, and additional health factors associated with an increased sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Szabó A, Váncsa S, Hegyi P, Váradi A, Forintos A, Filipov T, Ács J, Ács N, Szarvas T, Nyirády P, Kopa Z
Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023 Jan 18;21(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12958-023-01054-0. PMID: 36653793 Free PMC Article

Long-term health outcomes of children born to mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nijsten K, Jansen LAW, Limpens J, Finken MJJ, Koot MH, Grooten IJ, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Sep;227(3):414-429.e17. Epub 2022 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.052. PMID: 35367190

KRAS and BRAF Mutations in Stage II and III Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Formica V, Sera F, Cremolini C, Riondino S, Morelli C, Arkenau HT, Roselli M
J Natl Cancer Inst 2022 Apr 11;114(4):517-527. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab190. PMID: 34542636 Free PMC Article

Testicular cancer: seminoma.

Chung P, Warde P
BMJ Clin Evid 2011 Jan 25;2011 PMID: 21477387 Free PMC Article

See all (228)

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Disorder of testis

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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