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Bleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy

MedGen UID:
463643
•Concept ID:
C3163625
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bleeding from female genital tract co-occurrent with pregnancy; Vaginal Bleeding during Pregnancy; Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
SNOMED CT: Bleeding from female genital tract co-occurrent with pregnancy (16320551000119109); Bleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy (16320551000119109); Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (16320551000119109)

Definition

Hemorrhage from the vagina that may range from light spotting to heavy flow during pregnancy. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBleeding from female genital tract during pregnancy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Diagnosis and management of uterine fibroids: current trends and future strategies.
Ahmad A, Kumar M, Bhoi NR, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Khan MI, Ajmal M, Ahmad M
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023 May 1;34(3):291-310. Epub 2023 Mar 30 doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0219. PMID: 36989026
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Intrauterine Postpartum Hemorrhage-Control Devices.
Jackson TL, Tuuli MG
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Nov 1;142(5):1000-1005. Epub 2023 Oct 5 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005403. PMID: 37797338
Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Bienstock JL, Eke AC, Hueppchen NA
N Engl J Med 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1635-1645. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1513247. PMID: 33913640Free PMC Article
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252
Intrapartum hemorrhage.
Alexander JM, Wortman AC
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013 Mar;40(1):15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.12.003. PMID: 23466133
Postpartum hemorrhage: epidemiology, risk factors, and causes.
Oyelese Y, Ananth CV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010 Mar;53(1):147-56. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181cc406d. PMID: 20142652

Diagnosis

Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Uterine bleeding: how understanding endometrial physiology underpins menstrual health.
Jain V, Chodankar RR, Maybin JA, Critchley HOD
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022 May;18(5):290-308. Epub 2022 Feb 8 doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00629-4. PMID: 35136207Free PMC Article
First Trimester Bleeding: Evaluation and Management.
Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC
Am Fam Physician 2019 Feb 1;99(3):166-174. PMID: 30702252
Intrapartum hemorrhage.
Alexander JM, Wortman AC
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013 Mar;40(1):15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2012.12.003. PMID: 23466133
Gynecologic emergencies.
McWilliams GD, Hill MJ, Dietrich CS 3rd
Surg Clin North Am 2008 Apr;88(2):265-83, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2007.12.007. PMID: 18381113

Therapy

Intrauterine Postpartum Hemorrhage-Control Devices.
Jackson TL, Tuuli MG
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Nov 1;142(5):1000-1005. Epub 2023 Oct 5 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005403. PMID: 37797338
Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Placenta Increta.
Zapata-Caballero CA, Ramirez-Santes VH
N Engl J Med 2021 Sep 16;385(12):1124. Epub 2021 Sep 11 doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2109363. PMID: 34506088
Postpartum Hemorrhage.
Bienstock JL, Eke AC, Hueppchen NA
N Engl J Med 2021 Apr 29;384(17):1635-1645. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1513247. PMID: 33913640Free PMC Article
Copper-bearing intrauterine devices.
Tatum HJ
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1974 Mar;17(1):93-119. doi: 10.1097/00003081-197403000-00011. PMID: 4604276

Prognosis

Uterine-sparing surgical procedures to control postpartum hemorrhage.
Bouchghoul H, Madar H, Resch B, Pineles BL, Mattuizzi A, Froeliger A, Sentilhes L
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024 Mar;230(3S):S1066-S1075.e4. Epub 2023 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.018. PMID: 37729440
Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage - a systematic review.
Feduniw S, Warzecha D, Szymusik I, Wielgos M
Ginekol Pol 2020;91(1):38-44. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0009. PMID: 32039467
Hysteroscopy and heavy menstrual bleeding (to cover TCRE and second-generation endometrial ablation).
Bongers MY
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015 Oct;29(7):930-9. Epub 2015 Apr 7 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.03.011. PMID: 26036427
Postpartum hemorrhage: epidemiology, risk factors, and causes.
Oyelese Y, Ananth CV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2010 Mar;53(1):147-56. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181cc406d. PMID: 20142652
Cervical cerclage: a review.
Simcox R, Shennan A
Int J Surg 2007 Jun;5(3):205-9. Epub 2006 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.02.006. PMID: 17509504

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of pregnancy-related enhanced myometrial vascularity: prospective cohort study.
Xholli A, Scovazzi U, Londero AP, Paudice M, Vacca I, Schiaffino MG, Kratochwila C, Cavalli E, Perugi I, Cagnacci A; Collaborators
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024 May;63(5):672-682. Epub 2024 Apr 5 doi: 10.1002/uog.27537. PMID: 37984401
Guideline No. 437: Diagnosis and Management of Adenomyosis.
Dason ES, Maxim M, Sanders A, Papillon-Smith J, Ng D, Chan C, Sobel M
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2023 Jun;45(6):417-429.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.04.008. PMID: 37244746
Enhanced myometrial vascularity.
Richtárová Adéla, Hlinecká Kristýna, Lisá Zdeňka, Boudová Barbora, Kocián Roman, Kaván Jan, Mára Michal
Ceska Gynekol 2022;87(4):249-254. doi: 10.48095/cccg2022249. PMID: 36055784
Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage - a systematic review.
Feduniw S, Warzecha D, Szymusik I, Wielgos M
Ginekol Pol 2020;91(1):38-44. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0009. PMID: 32039467
Cervical cerclage: a review.
Simcox R, Shennan A
Int J Surg 2007 Jun;5(3):205-9. Epub 2006 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.02.006. PMID: 17509504

Recent systematic reviews

Medical treatment of uterine arteriovenous malformation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Rosen A, Chan WV, Matelski J, Walsh C, Murji A
Fertil Steril 2021 Oct;116(4):1107-1116. Epub 2021 Jun 12 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.095. PMID: 34130801
Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage - a systematic review.
Feduniw S, Warzecha D, Szymusik I, Wielgos M
Ginekol Pol 2020;91(1):38-44. doi: 10.5603/GP.2020.0009. PMID: 32039467
Uterine massage as part of active management of the third stage of labour for preventing postpartum haemorrhage during vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Saccone G, Caissutti C, Ciardulli A, Abdel-Aleem H, Hofmeyr GJ, Berghella V
BJOG 2018 Jun;125(7):778-781. Epub 2017 Oct 16 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14923. PMID: 28881415
Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.
Gonzalez N, Tulandi T
J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017 Jul-Aug;24(5):731-738. Epub 2017 Mar 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.02.020. PMID: 28268103
Postpartum haemorrhage: prevention.
Chelmow D
BMJ Clin Evid 2008 Dec 15;2008 PMID: 19445784Free PMC Article

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