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Burkitt lymphoma(BL)

MedGen UID:
2377
Concept ID:
C0006413
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: BL; Burkitt's lymphoma; Familial Burkitt's lymphoma
SNOMED CT: Burkitt's tumor (118617000); Burkitt's type malignant lymphoma - undifferentiated (118617000); Burkitt's lymphoma - disorder (118617000); Burkitt's type malignant lymphoma - small non-cleaved (118617000); BL - Burkitt's lymphoma (118617000); Burkitt's lymphoma (77381001); Malignant lymphoma, small noncleaved, Burkitt's, diffuse (77381001); Burkitt's tumor (77381001); Burkitt's lymphoma (clinical) (118617000); Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (397400006); Burkitt lymphoma (77381001); Burkitt's lymphoma (118617000); Burkitt lymphoma (118617000)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
Gene (location): MYC (8q24.21)
 
HPO: HP:0030080
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007243
OMIM®: 113970
Orphanet: ORPHA543

Definition

Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 30 to 50% of lymphomas in children but only 1 to 2% of lymphomas in adults (Harris and Horning, 2006). It results from chromosomal translocations that involve the MYC gene (190080) and either the lambda or the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes (147220, 147200). Burkitt lymphoma is causally related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear. [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Burkitt lymphoma
MedGen UID:
2377
Concept ID:
C0006413
Neoplastic Process
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 30 to 50% of lymphomas in children but only 1 to 2% of lymphomas in adults (Harris and Horning, 2006). It results from chromosomal translocations that involve the MYC gene (190080) and either the lambda or the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes (147220, 147200). Burkitt lymphoma is causally related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear.
Immunodeficiency
MedGen UID:
7034
Concept ID:
C0021051
Disease or Syndrome
Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBurkitt lymphoma
Follow this link to review classifications for Burkitt lymphoma in Orphanet.

Conditions with this feature

Burkitt lymphoma
MedGen UID:
2377
Concept ID:
C0006413
Neoplastic Process
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 30 to 50% of lymphomas in children but only 1 to 2% of lymphomas in adults (Harris and Horning, 2006). It results from chromosomal translocations that involve the MYC gene (190080) and either the lambda or the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes (147220, 147200). Burkitt lymphoma is causally related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, susceptibility to, 4
MedGen UID:
1648396
Concept ID:
C4749042
Finding
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-4 is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to certain human papilloma viruses (HPV) that cause warts and skin lesions. Affected individuals present in childhood with disseminated flat warts and psoriatic-like lesions that do not respond to treatment. Immunologic workup shows defects in T-cell development and signaling (summary by Crequer et al., 2012). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to epidermodysplasia verruciformis, see EV1 (226400).
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to SH2D1A deficiency
MedGen UID:
1770239
Concept ID:
C5399825
Disease or Syndrome
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) has two recognizable subtypes, XLP1 and XLP2. XLP1 is characterized predominantly by one of three commonly recognized phenotypes: Inappropriate immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection leading to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or severe mononucleosis. Dysgammaglobulinemia. Lymphoproliferative disease (malignant lymphoma). XLP2 is most often characterized by HLH (often associated with EBV), dysgammaglobulinemia, and inflammatory bowel disease. HLH resulting from EBV infection is associated with an unregulated and exaggerated immune response with widespread proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, EBV-infected B cells, and macrophages. Dysgammaglobulinemia is typically hypogammaglobulinemia of one or more immunoglobulin subclasses. The malignant lymphomas are typically B-cell lymphomas, non-Hodgkin type, often extranodal, and in particular involving the intestine.
Joint contractures, osteochondromas, and B-cell lymphoma
MedGen UID:
1824078
Concept ID:
C5774305
Disease or Syndrome
Joint contractures, osteochondromas, and B-cell lymphoma (JCOSL) is an autosomal recessive systemic disorder characterized by the development of painless fixed contractures of the joints in early childhood. There is evidence of abnormal chondrocyte homeostasis, resulting in contractures, osteopenia, and the development of osteochondromas. Laboratory studies show abnormal levels and function of B- and T-cell subsets, and patients can develop B-cell lymphomas or malignancies. Despite the abnormalities in immunologic cells, immunodeficiency is not a feature of the disease, suggesting that it can be classified as a 'primary immune regulatory disorder' (Sharma et al., 2022).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Crombie J, LaCasce A
Blood 2021 Feb 11;137(6):743-750. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019004099. PMID: 33171490
Moleti ML, Testi AM, Foà R
Br J Haematol 2020 Jun;189(5):826-843. Epub 2020 Mar 6 doi: 10.1111/bjh.16461. PMID: 32141616
Ferry JA
Oncologist 2006 Apr;11(4):375-83. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-4-375. PMID: 16614233

Curated

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) B-Cell Lymphomas, 2024

NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®), Pediatric Aggressive Mature B-Cell Lymphomas, 2024

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Atallah-Yunes SA, Murphy DJ, Noy A
Lancet Haematol 2020 Aug;7(8):e594-e600. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30126-5. PMID: 32735838
Noy A
Cancer J 2020 May/Jun;26(3):260-268. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000448. PMID: 32496459Free PMC Article
Rosenthal A, Rimsza L
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2018 Nov 30;2018(1):69-74. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.69. PMID: 30504293Free PMC Article
Dunleavy K, Little RF, Wilson WH
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2016 Dec;30(6):1333-1343. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.07.009. PMID: 27888884
Molyneux EM, Rochford R, Griffin B, Newton R, Jackson G, Menon G, Harrison CJ, Israels T, Bailey S
Lancet 2012 Mar 31;379(9822):1234-44. Epub 2012 Feb 13 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61177-X. PMID: 22333947

Diagnosis

Roschewski M, Staudt LM, Wilson WH
N Engl J Med 2022 Sep 22;387(12):1111-1122. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2025746. PMID: 36129999
Said J, Lones M, Yea S
Adv Anat Pathol 2014 May;21(3):160-5. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182a92cde. PMID: 24713985
Klein E, Klein G
Semin Cancer Biol 2009 Dec;19(6):345-6. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.11.002. PMID: 19962087
Ferry JA
Oncologist 2006 Apr;11(4):375-83. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.11-4-375. PMID: 16614233
Br Med J 1978 Jun 10;1(6126):1508. PMID: 207381Free PMC Article

Therapy

Crombie J, LaCasce A
Blood 2021 Feb 11;137(6):743-750. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019004099. PMID: 33171490
Noy A
Cancer J 2020 May/Jun;26(3):260-268. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000448. PMID: 32496459Free PMC Article
Grommes C, Rubenstein JL, DeAngelis LM, Ferreri AJM, Batchelor TT
Neuro Oncol 2019 Feb 19;21(3):296-305. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noy192. PMID: 30418592Free PMC Article
Khan A, Brahim A, Ruiz M, Nagovski N
Int J STD AIDS 2018 Jun;29(7):695-703. Epub 2017 Dec 21 doi: 10.1177/0956462417748239. PMID: 29264956
Lacasce A, Howard O, Lib S, Fisher D, Weng A, Neuberg D, Shipp M
Leuk Lymphoma 2004 Apr;45(4):761-7. doi: 10.1080/1042819031000141301. PMID: 15160953

Prognosis

Johnston WT, Erdmann F, Newton R, Steliarova-Foucher E, Schüz J, Roman E
Cancer Epidemiol 2021 Apr;71(Pt B):101662. Epub 2020 Jan 8 doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.101662. PMID: 31924557
Atallah-Yunes SA, Murphy DJ, Noy A
Lancet Haematol 2020 Aug;7(8):e594-e600. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30126-5. PMID: 32735838
Roschewski M, Dunleavy K, Abramson JS, Powell BL, Link BK, Patel P, Bierman PJ, Jagadeesh D, Mitsuyasu RT, Peace D, Watson PR, Hanna WT, Melani C, Lucas AN, Steinberg SM, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, Friedberg JW, Kahl BS, Little RF, Bartlett NL, Fanale MA, Noy A, Wilson WH
J Clin Oncol 2020 Aug 1;38(22):2519-2529. Epub 2020 May 26 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.00303. PMID: 32453640Free PMC Article
Hoffmann J, Ohgami RS
Semin Diagn Pathol 2017 Sep;34(5):462-469. Epub 2017 May 28 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.05.007. PMID: 28662998
Molyneux EM, Rochford R, Griffin B, Newton R, Jackson G, Menon G, Harrison CJ, Israels T, Bailey S
Lancet 2012 Mar 31;379(9822):1234-44. Epub 2012 Feb 13 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61177-X. PMID: 22333947

Clinical prediction guides

Rosenthal A, Rimsza L
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2018 Nov 30;2018(1):69-74. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.69. PMID: 30504293Free PMC Article
Hoffmann J, Ohgami RS
Semin Diagn Pathol 2017 Sep;34(5):462-469. Epub 2017 May 28 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.05.007. PMID: 28662998
Vockerodt M, Yap LF, Shannon-Lowe C, Curley H, Wei W, Vrzalikova K, Murray PG
J Pathol 2015 Jan;235(2):312-22. doi: 10.1002/path.4459. PMID: 25294567
Lossos IS, Gascoyne RD
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011 Jun;24(2):147-63. Epub 2011 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.02.006. PMID: 21658615Free PMC Article
Evens AM, Gordon LI
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2002 Aug;3(4):291-305. doi: 10.1007/s11864-002-0029-9. PMID: 12074766

Recent systematic reviews

Kotepui KU, Kotepui M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 May 30;18(11) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115886. PMID: 34070881Free PMC Article
Della Rocca AM, Leonart LP, Ferreira VL, Tonin FS, Steffenello-Durigon G, Del Moral JAG, Fernandez-Llimos F, Pontarolo R
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021 Aug;21(8):514-525. Epub 2021 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.03.012. PMID: 33947633
Saleh K, Michot JM, Camara-Clayette V, Vassetsky Y, Ribrag V
Curr Oncol Rep 2020 Mar 6;22(4):33. doi: 10.1007/s11912-020-0898-8. PMID: 32144513
Nie M, Wang Y, Bi XW, Xia Y, Sun P, Liu PP, Li ZM, Jiang WQ
Ann Hematol 2016 Jan;95(1):19-26. Epub 2015 Oct 1 doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2501-1. PMID: 26423805
Barta SK, Samuel MS, Xue X, Wang D, Lee JY, Mounier N, Ribera JM, Spina M, Tirelli U, Weiss R, Galicier L, Boue F, Little RF, Dunleavy K, Wilson WH, Wyen C, Remick SC, Kaplan LD, Ratner L, Noy A, Sparano JA
Ann Oncol 2015 May;26(5):958-966. Epub 2015 Jan 28 doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv036. PMID: 25632071Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NCCN, 2024
      NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) B-Cell Lymphomas, 2024
    • NCCN, 2024
      NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®), Pediatric Aggressive Mature B-Cell Lymphomas, 2024

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