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Leprosy

MedGen UID:
6049
•Concept ID:
C0023343
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Hansen's disease
SNOMED CT: Leprosy (81004002); Hansen's disease (81004002); Infection due to Mycobacterium leprae (81004002); Mycobacterium leprae infection (81004002)
Modes of inheritance:
Non-Mendelian inheritance
MedGen UID:
109109
•Concept ID:
C0600599
•
Genetic Function
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that depends on genetic determinants in more than one gene.
Non-Mendelian inheritance (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005124
Orphanet: ORPHA548

Definition

A chronic infectious disease affecting primarily the skin and peripheral nervous system. [from ORDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Mycobacterium leprae: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Mungroo MR, Khan NA, Siddiqui R
Microb Pathog 2020 Dec;149:104475. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104475. PMID: 32931893
Leprosy: Treatment and management of complications.
Maymone MBC, Venkatesh S, Laughter M, Abdat R, Hugh J, Dacso MM, Rao PN, Stryjewska BM, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP
J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Jul;83(1):17-30. Epub 2020 Mar 31 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.138. PMID: 32244016
Position statement: LEPROSY: Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
Alemu Belachew W, Naafs B
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Jul;33(7):1205-1213. Epub 2019 Apr 3 doi: 10.1111/jdv.15569. PMID: 30945360

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Leprosy: clinical and immunopathological characteristics.
Froes LAR Junior, Sotto MN, Trindade MAB
An Bras Dermatol 2022 May-Jun;97(3):338-347. Epub 2022 Apr 2 doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.08.006. PMID: 35379512Free PMC Article
Immunology of leprosy.
Froes LAR Jr, Trindade MAB, Sotto MN
Int Rev Immunol 2022;41(2):72-83. Epub 2020 Nov 26 doi: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1851370. PMID: 33241709
An Employee With Undiagnosed Leprosy: Are Other Employees at Risk?
Lurati AR
Workplace Health Saf 2017 Jul;65(7):284-286. Epub 2017 May 9 doi: 10.1177/2165079917697994. PMID: 28486035
Leprosy--an intriguing disease.
Virmond M, Grzybowski A
Clin Dermatol 2015 Jan-Feb;33(1):1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.10.002. PMID: 25432804
Lepromatous leprosy.
Booth AV, Kovich OI
Dermatol Online J 2007 Jan 27;13(1):9. PMID: 17511942

Diagnosis

Leprous neuropathy.
Marques W
Curr Opin Neurol 2024 Oct 1;37(5):487-492. Epub 2024 Jul 25 doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001304. PMID: 39051539
Leprosy (Hansen's disease): An Update and Review.
Gilmore A, Roller J, Dyer JA
Mo Med 2023 Jan-Feb;120(1):39-44. PMID: 36860602Free PMC Article
Lepromatous Leprosy.
Neema S, Battula S
N Engl J Med 2022 Sep 29;387(13):1217. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2202533. PMID: 36170503
Lepromatous leprosy.
Gómez-Cerquera JM, Herrera-Darias S, Domingo-Amela A, Graells-Estrada J
Med Clin (Barc) 2022 Dec 9;159(11):556. Epub 2022 Sep 16 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.07.015. PMID: 36116975
Leprosy review.
Makhakhe L
S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2021 Oct 29;63(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5311. PMID: 34797098Free PMC Article

Therapy

Leishmania vaccine development: A comprehensive review.
Saini I, Joshi J, Kaur S
Cell Immunol 2024 May-Jun;399-400:104826. Epub 2024 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104826. PMID: 38669897
Role of nutritional supplements in selected dermatological disorders: A review.
Sardana K, Sachdeva S
J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 Jan;21(1):85-98. Epub 2021 Sep 26 doi: 10.1111/jocd.14436. PMID: 34564936
Prevention of transmission of leprosy: The current scenario.
Palit A, Kar HK
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2020 Mar-Apr;86(2):115-123. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_326_19. PMID: 31975697
A short history of dapsone, or an alternative model of drug development.
Barr J
J Hist Med Allied Sci 2011 Oct;66(4):425-67. Epub 2010 Oct 21 doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrq068. PMID: 20966036
The first decade in experimental leprosy.
Shepard CC
Bull World Health Organ 1971;44(6):821-7. PMID: 4950564Free PMC Article

Prognosis

The WHO Global Tuberculosis 2021 Report - not so good news and turning the tide back to End TB.
Chakaya J, Petersen E, Nantanda R, Mungai BN, Migliori GB, Amanullah F, Lungu P, Ntoumi F, Kumarasamy N, Maeurer M, Zumla A
Int J Infect Dis 2022 Nov;124 Suppl 1:S26-S29. Epub 2022 Mar 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.011. PMID: 35321845Free PMC Article
Reservoirs and transmission routes of leprosy; A systematic review.
Ploemacher T, Faber WR, Menke H, Rutten V, Pieters T
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 Apr;14(4):e0008276. Epub 2020 Apr 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008276. PMID: 32339201Free PMC Article
Leprosy: Clinical aspects and diagnostic techniques.
Maymone MBC, Laughter M, Venkatesh S, Dacso MM, Rao PN, Stryjewska BM, Hugh J, Dellavalle RP, Dunnick CA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Jul;83(1):1-14. Epub 2020 Mar 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.12.080. PMID: 32229279
Leprosy: Trophic Skin Ulcers.
Riyaz N, Sehgal VN
Skinmed 2017;15(1):45-51. Epub 2017 Feb 1 PMID: 28270310
Leprosy in the 21st century.
White C, Franco-Paredes C
Clin Microbiol Rev 2015 Jan;28(1):80-94. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00079-13. PMID: 25567223Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Leprosy review.
Makhakhe L
S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2021 Oct 29;63(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5311. PMID: 34797098Free PMC Article
Systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for face and neck rejuvenation.
Ayatollahi A, Gholami J, Saberi M, Hosseini H, Firooz A
Lasers Med Sci 2020 Jul;35(5):1007-1024. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1007/s10103-020-02957-9. PMID: 32026164
Sensory perception in leprosy-neurophysiological correlates.
Malaviya GN
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 2003 Jun;71(2):119-24. doi: 10.1489/1544-581x(2003)71<119:spilc>2.0.co;2. PMID: 12914136
Modern vaccines. Mycobacterial diseases.
Fine PE, Rodrigues LC
Lancet 1990 Apr 28;335(8696):1016-20. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91074-k. PMID: 1970071
Immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis and leprosy.
Ivanyi J, Bothamley GH, Jackett PS
Br Med Bull 1988 Jul;44(3):635-49. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072273. PMID: 3076811

Recent systematic reviews

Systemic treatments in Parthenium dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Akham R, Bhatia R, Das A, Bhadoria AS, Pathak M, Hazarika N
Contact Dermatitis 2023 Nov;89(5):311-322. Epub 2023 Aug 27 doi: 10.1111/cod.14406. PMID: 37634936
Drug Resistance (Dapsone, Rifampicin, Ofloxacin) and Resistance-Related Gene Mutation Features in Leprosy Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Li X, Li G, Yang J, Jin G, Shao Y, Li Y, Wei P, Zhang L
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Oct 18;23(20) doi: 10.3390/ijms232012443. PMID: 36293307Free PMC Article
Reservoirs and transmission routes of leprosy; A systematic review.
Ploemacher T, Faber WR, Menke H, Rutten V, Pieters T
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 Apr;14(4):e0008276. Epub 2020 Apr 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008276. PMID: 32339201Free PMC Article
Systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for face and neck rejuvenation.
Ayatollahi A, Gholami J, Saberi M, Hosseini H, Firooz A
Lasers Med Sci 2020 Jul;35(5):1007-1024. Epub 2020 Feb 5 doi: 10.1007/s10103-020-02957-9. PMID: 32026164
Vitamin D receptor expression and hepcidin levels in the protection or severity of leprosy: a systematic review.
Oliveira ALG, Chaves AT, Menezes CAS, Guimarães NS, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT, Rocha MODC
Microbes Infect 2017 Jun;19(6):311-322. Epub 2017 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.03.001. PMID: 28323068

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