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Multibacillary leprosy

MedGen UID:
288329
•Concept ID:
C1562585
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Borderline Lepromatous; Lepromatous, Borderline; Lepromatous, Midborderline; Leprosies, Multibacillary; Leprosy, Multibacillary; Midborderline Lepromatous; Multibacillary Leprosies; Multibacillary Leprosy
SNOMED CT: Multibacillary leprosy (416257001); MB leprosy (416257001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0041751

Definition

A lepromatous form of leprosy that is characterized by numerous infiltrated skin lesions displaying high bacillary loads, impaired peripheral nerves, possible involvement of internal organs, and a Th2-mediated immune response. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMultibacillary leprosy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: Update and challenges on the treatment of a neglected condition.
Costa PDSS, Fraga LR, Kowalski TW, Daxbacher ELR, Schuler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL
Acta Trop 2018 Jul;183:134-141. Epub 2018 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.026. PMID: 29474830
Leprosy - an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
Fischer M
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017 Aug;15(8):801-827. doi: 10.1111/ddg.13301. PMID: 28763601
Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy.
Reibel F, Cambau E, Aubry A
Med Mal Infect 2015 Sep;45(9):383-93. Epub 2015 Oct 1 doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.09.002. PMID: 26428602

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Leprosy.
Grijsen ML, Nguyen TH, Pinheiro RO, Singh P, Lambert SM, Walker SL, Geluk A
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024 Nov 28;10(1):90. doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00575-1. PMID: 39609422
Diet and nutrition: An important risk factor in leprosy.
Dwivedi VP, Banerjee A, Das I, Saha A, Dutta M, Bhardwaj B, Biswas S, Chattopadhyay D
Microb Pathog 2019 Dec;137:103714. Epub 2019 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103714. PMID: 31493502
Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy.
Reibel F, Cambau E, Aubry A
Med Mal Infect 2015 Sep;45(9):383-93. Epub 2015 Oct 1 doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.09.002. PMID: 26428602
Clinical characteristics and outcome in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients treated with 12 months WHO MDT-MBR: a retrospective analysis of 730 patients from a leprosy clinic at a tertiary care hospital of Northern India.
Dogra S, Kumaran MS, Narang T, Radotra BD, Kumar B
Lepr Rev 2013 Mar;84(1):65-75. PMID: 23741883
Histoid leprosy: a prospective diagnostic study in 38 patients.
Sehgal VN, Srivastava G
Dermatologica 1988;177(4):212-7. doi: 10.1159/000248566. PMID: 3224729

Therapy

Leprosy.
Grijsen ML, Nguyen TH, Pinheiro RO, Singh P, Lambert SM, Walker SL, Geluk A
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024 Nov 28;10(1):90. doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00575-1. PMID: 39609422
Multibacillary Mid-Borderline Leprosy with Type 1 Lepra Reaction and Concurrent Latent Tuberculosis.
Chew R, Woods ML
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021 Oct 25;106(2):373-375. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0624. PMID: 34695791Free PMC Article
Leprosy.
Smith WC, Saunderson P
BMJ Clin Evid 2010 Jun 28;2010 PMID: 21418690Free PMC Article
Leprosy.
Lockwood DNj
BMJ Clin Evid 2007 Apr 1;2007 PMID: 19454067Free PMC Article
Clofazimine: a review of its medical uses and mechanisms of action.
Arbiser JL, Moschella SL
J Am Acad Dermatol 1995 Feb;32(2 Pt 1):241-7. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)90134-5. PMID: 7829710

Prognosis

COVID-19, leprosy, and neutrophils.
Schmitz V, Dos Santos JB
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Jan;15(1):e0009019. Epub 2021 Jan 7 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009019. PMID: 33411735Free PMC Article
Clinical characteristics and outcome in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients treated with 12 months WHO MDT-MBR: a retrospective analysis of 730 patients from a leprosy clinic at a tertiary care hospital of Northern India.
Dogra S, Kumaran MS, Narang T, Radotra BD, Kumar B
Lepr Rev 2013 Mar;84(1):65-75. PMID: 23741883
Leprosy: down but not out.
Sachdeva S, Khan Z, Ansari MA, Amin SS
Trop Doct 2011 Jan;41(1):28-30. Epub 2010 Nov 18 doi: 10.1258/td.2010.100107. PMID: 21088022
Expression analysis of proteases of Mycobacterium leprae in human skin lesions.
Ribeiro-Guimarães ML, Tempone AJ, Amaral JJ, Nery JA, Gomes Antunes SL, Pessolani MC
Microb Pathog 2007 Nov-Dec;43(5-6):249-54. Epub 2007 Jun 2 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.05.011. PMID: 17624714
The pattern of decline in bacillary index after 2 years of WHO recommended multiple drug therapy: the AMFES cohort.
Amenu A, Saunderson P, Desta K, Byass P
Lepr Rev 2000 Sep;71(3):332-7. doi: 10.5935/0305-7518.20000037. PMID: 11105492

Clinical prediction guides

Autochthonous leprosy in Europe: a case report and literature review.
Beauvillain Q, Lok C, Joachim C, Hamdad F, Lafabregue E, Attencourt C, Sevestre H, Chaby G
Int J Infect Dis 2021 Sep;110:111-113. Epub 2021 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.023. PMID: 34271204
Clinical characteristics and outcome in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients treated with 12 months WHO MDT-MBR: a retrospective analysis of 730 patients from a leprosy clinic at a tertiary care hospital of Northern India.
Dogra S, Kumaran MS, Narang T, Radotra BD, Kumar B
Lepr Rev 2013 Mar;84(1):65-75. PMID: 23741883
Leprosy.
Smith WC, Saunderson P
BMJ Clin Evid 2010 Jun 28;2010 PMID: 21418690Free PMC Article
Leprosy.
Lockwood DNj
BMJ Clin Evid 2007 Apr 1;2007 PMID: 19454067Free PMC Article
Expression analysis of proteases of Mycobacterium leprae in human skin lesions.
Ribeiro-Guimarães ML, Tempone AJ, Amaral JJ, Nery JA, Gomes Antunes SL, Pessolani MC
Microb Pathog 2007 Nov-Dec;43(5-6):249-54. Epub 2007 Jun 2 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.05.011. PMID: 17624714

Recent systematic reviews

Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review.
Fróes LAR Jr, Toma TS, Jachiet M, Rousset L, Poderoso RE, Trindade MAB
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023 May;17(5):e0011334. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011334. PMID: 37216331Free PMC Article
Co-infection leprosy and tuberculosis: a systematic review.
Cavalcante Trindade L, Da Silveira Mendes M, Conceição Martins L, Carlos Evangelista de A Bonfim A, Fonseca FLA
J Infect Dev Ctries 2021 Nov 30;15(11):1569-1577. doi: 10.3855/jidc.14308. PMID: 34898480
Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review.
Dharmawan Y, Fuady A, Korfage I, Richardus JH
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Aug;15(8):e0009651. Epub 2021 Aug 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009651. PMID: 34383768Free PMC Article
Leprosy.
Smith WC, Saunderson P
BMJ Clin Evid 2010 Jun 28;2010 PMID: 21418690Free PMC Article
Leprosy.
Lockwood DNj
BMJ Clin Evid 2007 Apr 1;2007 PMID: 19454067Free PMC Article

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