U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Links from PMC

Pelvic inflammatory disease

MedGen UID:
66845
Concept ID:
C0242172
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Disease, Inflammatory Pelvic; Disease, Pelvic Inflammatory; Diseases, Inflammatory Pelvic; Diseases, Pelvic Inflammatory; Inflammatory Disease, Pelvic; Inflammatory Diseases, Pelvic; Inflammatory Pelvic Disease; Inflammatory Pelvic Diseases; Pelvic Disease, Inflammatory; Pelvic Diseases, Inflammatory; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
SNOMED CT: Female pelvic inflammation (198130006); PID - pelvic inflammatory disease (198130006); Female pelvic inflammatory disease (198130006); Pelvic inflammatory disease (198130006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000922

Definition

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an acute or chronic inflammation in the pelvic cavity. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia and gonorrhea that have ascended into the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries as a result of intercourse or childbirth, or of surgical procedures, including insertion of IUDs or abortion. PID may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. It may cause infertility and it may raise the risk of ectopic pregnancy. PID is a disease associated with HIV infection. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I, Reno H, Zenilman JM, Bolan GA
MMWR Recomm Rep 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1. PMID: 34292926Free PMC Article
Hendriks E, Rosenberg R, Prine L
Am Fam Physician 2020 May 15;101(10):599-606. PMID: 32412215
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Shroff S
Med Clin North Am 2023 Mar;107(2):299-315. Epub 2022 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.009. PMID: 36759099
Ravel J, Moreno I, Simón C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;224(3):251-257. Epub 2020 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.019. PMID: 33091407
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362
Lee L
JAAPA 2017 Feb;30(2):47-48. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000511799.14244.57. PMID: 28098673
Mann SN, Smith JR, Barton SE
Int J STD AIDS 1996 Aug-Sep;7(5):315-21. doi: 10.1258/0956462961918185. PMID: 8894819

Diagnosis

Ravel J, Moreno I, Simón C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;224(3):251-257. Epub 2020 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.019. PMID: 33091407
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362
Ford GW, Decker CF
Dis Mon 2016 Aug;62(8):301-5. Epub 2016 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015. PMID: 27107781
Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J
N Engl J Med 2015 May 21;372(21):2039-48. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID: 25992748
Trent M
Pediatr Rev 2013 Apr;34(4):163-72. doi: 10.1542/pir.34-4-163. PMID: 23547062Free PMC Article

Therapy

Frock-Welnak DN, Tam J
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022 Sep;49(3):551-579. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.019. PMID: 36122985
Amini L, Chekini R, Nateghi MR, Haghani H, Jamialahmadi T, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A
Pain Res Manag 2021;2021:5529741. Epub 2021 May 26 doi: 10.1155/2021/5529741. PMID: 34122682Free PMC Article
Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J
N Engl J Med 2015 May 21;372(21):2039-48. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1411426. PMID: 25992748
Trent M
Pediatr Rev 2013 Apr;34(4):163-72. doi: 10.1542/pir.34-4-163. PMID: 23547062Free PMC Article
Ross J
BMJ 2001 Mar 17;322(7287):658-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.322.7287.658. PMID: 11250853Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Hillier SL, Bernstein KT, Aral S
J Infect Dis 2021 Aug 16;224(12 Suppl 2):S23-S28. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab116. PMID: 34396398Free PMC Article
Hilbert SM, Reno HEL
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2018 Nov;36(4):767-776. Epub 2018 Sep 6 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2018.06.007. PMID: 30297003
Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, de Vries HJC, Francis SC, Mabey D, Marrazzo JM, Sonder GJB, Schwebke JR, Hoornenborg E, Peeling RW, Philip SS, Low N, Fairley CK
Lancet Infect Dis 2017 Aug;17(8):e235-e279. Epub 2017 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30310-9. PMID: 28701272
Skerlev M, Čulav-Košćak I
Clin Dermatol 2014 Mar-Apr;32(2):275-81. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.010. PMID: 24559563
Russo JA, Achilles S, DePineres T, Gil L
Contraception 2013 Apr;87(4):497-503. Epub 2012 May 29 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.04.005. PMID: 22652188Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Suri P, Aurora TK
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2017 Aug;35(3):647-671. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2017.03.009. PMID: 28711129
Donnez J, Donnez O, Orellana R, Binda MM, Dolmans MM
Panminerva Med 2016 Jun;58(2):143-50. Epub 2016 Feb 2 PMID: 26837776
Russo JA, Achilles S, DePineres T, Gil L
Contraception 2013 Apr;87(4):497-503. Epub 2012 May 29 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.04.005. PMID: 22652188Free PMC Article
Ross JD
BMJ Clin Evid 2008 Mar 10;2008 PMID: 19450319Free PMC Article
Olshaker JS, Jerrard DA
J Emerg Med 1997 Nov-Dec;15(6):869-74. doi: 10.1016/s0736-4679(97)00197-2. PMID: 9404806

Recent systematic reviews

Marcinkowski KA, Mehta V, Mercier R, Berghella V
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022 Jul;4(4):100643. Epub 2022 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100643. PMID: 35405372
Ayinde O, Hayward RS, Ross JDC
PLoS One 2021;16(5):e0250883. Epub 2021 May 3 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250883. PMID: 33939726Free PMC Article
Savaris RF, Fuhrich DG, Maissiat J, Duarte RV, Ross J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 20;8(8):CD010285. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010285.pub3. PMID: 32820536Free PMC Article
Jatlaoui TC, Riley HEM, Curtis KM
Contraception 2017 Jan;95(1):17-39. Epub 2016 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.006. PMID: 27771475Free PMC Article
Ross JD
BMJ Clin Evid 2013 Dec 11;2013 PMID: 24330771Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...