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Malignant Thymoma

MedGen UID:
231175
Concept ID:
C1322286
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Malignant thymoma; Thymoma, malignant
SNOMED CT: Malignant thymoma (15949004); Thymoma, malignant (15949004); Malignant thymoma (444596001)

Definition

A thymoma that has an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize. Although any morphologic subtype of thymoma may eventually have a malignant clinical course, this term is most often associated with thymoma types B3 and C. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Alothaimeen HS, Memon MA
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020 Mar 1;21(3):653-661. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.3.653. PMID: 32212790Free PMC Article
Spaggiari L, Casiraghi M, Guarize J
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 Mar;24(2):117-22. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834ea6bb. PMID: 22143371
Giaccone G
Curr Opin Oncol 2005 Mar;17(2):140-6. doi: 10.1097/01.cco.0000152628.43867.8e. PMID: 15725919

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Miyazaki Y, Hirayama M, Watanabe H, Usami N, Yokoi K, Watanabe O, Sobue G
J Clin Neurosci 2012 Feb;19(2):336-8. Epub 2012 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.05.026. PMID: 22227397
Giaccone G, Wilmink H, Paul MA, van der Valk P
Am J Clin Oncol 2006 Aug;29(4):336-44. doi: 10.1097/01.coc.0000227481.36109.e7. PMID: 16891859
Alizzi AM, Hemli JM, Diqer AM, Bidstrup B
Heart Lung Circ 2006 Oct;15(5):310-3. Epub 2006 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2006.05.013. PMID: 16860602
Cowen D, Hannoun-Levi JM, Resbeut M, Alzieu C
Oncology (Williston Park) 1998 Jul;12(7):1001-5; discussion 1006. PMID: 9684271
Cohen DJ
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Diagnosis

Koppitz H, Rockstroh JK, Schüller H, Standop J, Skowasch D, Müller-Hermelink HK, Schmidt-Wolf IG
Cancer Treat Rev 2012 Aug;38(5):540-8. Epub 2012 Jan 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.010. PMID: 22244677
Miyazaki Y, Hirayama M, Watanabe H, Usami N, Yokoi K, Watanabe O, Sobue G
J Clin Neurosci 2012 Feb;19(2):336-8. Epub 2012 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.05.026. PMID: 22227397
McHayleh W, Kressel B, Nylen ES
South Med J 2005 Aug;98(8):836-8. doi: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000163313.35350.79. PMID: 16144186
Warren WH
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Apr;12(2):119-29. doi: 10.1053/ct.2000.5078. PMID: 10807434
Littler WA, Meade JB, Hamilton DI
Thorax 1970 Jul;25(4):465-71. doi: 10.1136/thx.25.4.465. PMID: 5485008Free PMC Article

Therapy

Spaggiari L, Casiraghi M, Guarize J
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 Mar;24(2):117-22. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834ea6bb. PMID: 22143371
Bikhchandani J, Valusek PA, Juang D, E O'Brien J Jr, Hetherington M, St Peter SD
J Pediatr Surg 2010 Sep;45(9):e31-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.06.021. PMID: 20850614
Lowry PW, Myers JD, Geller A, Bostwick DG, Clain JE
Dig Dis Sci 2002 Sep;47(9):1998-2001. doi: 10.1023/a:1019656425332. PMID: 12353844
Cowen D, Hannoun-Levi JM, Resbeut M, Alzieu C
Oncology (Williston Park) 1998 Jul;12(7):1001-5; discussion 1006. PMID: 9684271
Hannon GT, Bennington JL, Haber SL
Dis Chest 1966 Dec;50(6):645-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.50.6.645. PMID: 5964873

Prognosis

Miyazaki Y, Hirayama M, Watanabe H, Usami N, Yokoi K, Watanabe O, Sobue G
J Clin Neurosci 2012 Feb;19(2):336-8. Epub 2012 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.05.026. PMID: 22227397
Spaggiari L, Casiraghi M, Guarize J
Curr Opin Oncol 2012 Mar;24(2):117-22. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32834ea6bb. PMID: 22143371
Ersahin M, Kilic K, Gögüsgeren MA, Bakirci A, Vardar Aker F, Berkman Z
J Clin Neurosci 2007 Nov;14(11):1116-20. Epub 2007 Feb 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.12.014. PMID: 17276689
Gidron A, Quadrini M, Dimov N, Argiris A
Am J Clin Oncol 2006 Apr;29(2):213-4. doi: 10.1097/01.coc.0000164004.67196.59. PMID: 16601447
Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Rockstroh JK, Schüller H, Hirner A, Grohe C, Müller-Hermelink HK, Huhn D
Ann Hematol 2003 Feb;82(2):69-76. Epub 2003 Feb 11 doi: 10.1007/s00277-002-0597-6. PMID: 12601482

Clinical prediction guides

Alothaimeen HS, Memon MA
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020 Mar 1;21(3):653-661. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.3.653. PMID: 32212790Free PMC Article
Harris K, Elsayegh D, Azab B, Alkaied H, Chalhoub M
World J Surg Oncol 2011 Aug 23;9:95. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-95. PMID: 21861913Free PMC Article
Giaccone G, Wilmink H, Paul MA, van der Valk P
Am J Clin Oncol 2006 Aug;29(4):336-44. doi: 10.1097/01.coc.0000227481.36109.e7. PMID: 16891859
Karras A, de Montpreville V, Fakhouri F, Grünfeld JP, Lesavre P; Groupe d'Etudes des Néphropathies Associées aux Thymomes
Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005 Jun;20(6):1075-82. Epub 2005 Mar 23 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh615. PMID: 15788438
Marshall RJ, Hughes JT, Gilbert EF
Dis Chest 1967 Aug;52(2):251-6. doi: 10.1378/chest.52.2.251. PMID: 5341560

Recent systematic reviews

Ruan H, Shang X, Yan D, Liu B, Liu F, Yang Z
BMC Pulm Med 2025 Jan 19;25(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12890-025-03498-z. PMID: 39827091Free PMC Article

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