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    HTH Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

    Gene ID: 843628, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    HTH
    Official Full Name
    Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein
    Primary source
    TAIR:AT1G72970
    Locus tag
    AT1G72970
    See related
    Araport:AT1G72970
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
    Also known as
    ACE; EDA17; embryo sac development arrest 17; F3N23.17; F3N23_17; HOTHEAD
    Summary
    Originally identified as a mutation that causes floral organs to fuse together. About 10-20% of mutants also have defects in ovules. Mutants have reduced fertility most likely as because of fusions that pistil emergence. The protein has similarity to the mandelonitrile lyase family of FAD containing oxidoreductases and is predicted to be secreted (SignalP).It is expressed in all tissue layers of roots, inflorescences, stems, leaves, and flowers and is also expressed in siliques. Expression is highest in inflorescence and flower tissue.Transmission of mutant alleles to the progeny shows non mendelian segregation- a percentage of mutant alleles revert back to a previous parental (e.g. grandparental) wild type allele. It has been suggested that an RNA template driven or other extra-DNA genomic mechanism may be responsible for the non-mendelian inheritance of HTH. Reversion events in alleles at other loci have also been observed to occur in plants with an hth mutant background indicating a genome wide effect.
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    Genomic context

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    See HTH in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 1
    Exon count:
    6
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: 1; NC_003070.9 (27452748..27455964)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_003070.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS class) Neighboring gene Root hair defective 3 GTP-binding protein (RHD3) Neighboring gene LOB domain-containing protein 7 Neighboring gene beta-galactosidase 17

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003070.9

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Outcrossing as an explanation of the apparent unconventional genetic behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana hth mutants. Mercier R, et al. Genetics, 2008 Dec. PMID 18845842, Free PMC Article
    2. Genetic and biochemical evidence for involvement of HOTHEAD in the biosynthesis of long-chain alpha-,omega-dicarboxylic fatty acids and formation of extracellular matrix. Kurdyukov S, et al. Planta, 2006 Jul. PMID 16404574
    3. Isolation and characterization of the Arabidopsis organ fusion gene HOTHEAD. Krolikowski KA, et al. Plant J, 2003 Aug. PMID 12904212
    4. Genetic and molecular identification of genes required for female gametophyte development and function in Arabidopsis. Pagnussat GC, et al. Development, 2005 Feb. PMID 15634699
    5. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Theologis A, et al. Nature, 2000 Dec 14. PMID 11130712

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. the apparent non-Mendelian behavior of hth mutants can be explained by their susceptibility to outcrossing.
      Title: Outcrossing as an explanation of the apparent unconventional genetic behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana hth mutants.
    2. ACE/HTH is specifically expressed in epidermal cells. It appears very likely therefore that the changes in the amount of alpha-,omega-dicarboxylic FAs in hth-12 reflect the different composition of cuticular polyesters.
      Title: Genetic and biochemical evidence for involvement of HOTHEAD in the biosynthesis of long-chain alpha-,omega-dicarboxylic fatty acids and formation of extracellular matrix.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    Homology

    NM_001160997.1
    NM_105955.4

    Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables mandelonitrile lyase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell-cell signaling IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within embryo sac development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within fatty acid omega-oxidation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular region ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein
    NP_001154469.1
    • HOTHEAD (HTH); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR000172), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase (InterPro:IPR012132), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR007867); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein (TAIR:AT1G12570.1); Has 1244 Blast hits to 1228 proteins in 249 species: Archae - 2; Bacteria - 759; Metazoa - 27; Fungi - 277; Plants - 135; Viruses - 3; Other Eukaryotes - 41 (source: NCBI BLink).
    NP_565050.1
    • HOTHEAD (HTH); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR000172), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase (InterPro:IPR012132), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR007867); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein (TAIR:AT1G12570.1); Has 10392 Blast hits to 10274 proteins in 1087 species: Archae - 4; Bacteria - 3747; Metazoa - 796; Fungi - 1463; Plants - 312; Viruses - 12; Other Eukaryotes - 4058 (source: NCBI BLink).

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003070.9 Reference assembly

      Range
      27452748..27455964
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_105955.4 → NP_565050.1  Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_565050.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9S746, Q9SXZ3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A178WG21, A0A5S9WTV8, A0A654EQ19
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02785
      Location:18 → 594
      PLN02785; Protein HOTHEAD

    2. NM_001160997.1 → NP_001154469.1  Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001154469.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A654EQ19, A0A7G2E4N5, F4IF15
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PLN02785
      Location:18 → 567
      PLN02785; Protein HOTHEAD
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9S746.1

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