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    CCL28 C-C motif chemokine ligand 28 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 56477, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CCL28provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    C-C motif chemokine ligand 28provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:17700
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000151882 MIM:605240; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17700
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MEC; CCK1; SCYA28
    Summary
    This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cytokine encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. The product of this gene binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. This chemokine may play a role in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. Multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
    Expression
    Biased expression in salivary gland (RPKM 40.6), colon (RPKM 10.6) and 5 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See CCL28 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5p12
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (43356975..43412391, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (43609806..43665221, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (43376747..43412493, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4627 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22535 Neighboring gene 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22536 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22537 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43313910-43314426 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43314427-43314941 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43315036-43316235 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr5.1234 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43335752-43336951 Neighboring gene 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1-like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22538 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15993 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15994 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10963 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 267 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:43483998-43484841 Neighboring gene C5orf34 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_85282 Neighboring gene chromosome 5 open reading frame 34 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 pseudogene 19

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. CCL28 is increased in human Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and mediates recruitment of gastric immunoglobulin A-secreting cells. Hansson M, et al. Infect Immun, 2008 Jul. PMID 18426876, Free PMC Article
    2. Identification of a novel beta-chemokine, MEC, down-regulated in primary breast tumors. Mickanin CS, et al. Int J Oncol, 2001 May. PMID 11295038
    3. Identification of the chemokine CCL28 as a growth and survival factor for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Karlsson C, et al. Blood, 2013 May 9. PMID 23509159
    4. Absence of salivary CCL28 in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Hernandez-Molina G, et al. Rheumatol Int, 2015 Aug. PMID 25567740
    5. CCL28 Cannot Replace IgE for Severity by Objective SCORAD Index in Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Yoon JH, et al. Clin Lab, 2015. PMID 26642722

    See all (56) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Pericytes recruited by CCL28 promote vascular normalization after anti-angiogenesis therapy through RA/RXRA/ANGPT1 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.
      Title: Pericytes recruited by CCL28 promote vascular normalization after anti-angiogenesis therapy through RA/RXRA/ANGPT1 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.
    2. Analysis of the mucosal chemokines CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17 in dry eye disease: An in vitro and clinical investigation.
      Title: Analysis of the mucosal chemokines CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17 in dry eye disease: An in vitro and clinical investigation.
    3. LncRNA H19 aggravates primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation via KLF5-mediated activation of CCL28.
      Title: LncRNA H19 aggravates primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation via KLF5-mediated activation of CCL28.
    4. Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L-CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa.
      Title: Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L-CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa.
    5. Serum CCL28 as a biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of Sjogren's syndrome.
      Title: Serum CCL28 as a biomarker for diagnosis and evaluation of Sjögren's syndrome.
    6. Inhibition of CCL28/CCR10-Mediated eNOS Downregulation Improves Skin Wound Healing in the Obesity-Induced Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
      Title: Inhibition of CCL28/CCR10-Mediated eNOS Downregulation Improves Skin Wound Healing in the Obesity-Induced Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
    7. CCL28 Downregulation Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer Progression Through Tumor Cell-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Mechanisms.
      Title: CCL28 Downregulation Attenuates Pancreatic Cancer Progression Through Tumor Cell-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Mechanisms.
    8. Knockdown of CCL28 inhibits endometriosis stromal cell proliferation and invasion via ERK signaling pathway inactivation.
      Title: Knockdown of CCL28 inhibits endometriosis stromal cell proliferation and invasion via ERK signaling pathway inactivation.
    9. Expression of Chemokine CCL28 in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.
      Title: Expression of Chemokine CCL28 in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.
    10. Hypoxia Induces Overexpression of CCL28 to Recruit Treg Cells to Enhance Angiogenesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
      Title: Hypoxia Induces Overexpression of CCL28 to Recruit Treg Cells to Enhance Angiogenesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (33)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association study of a heart failure related metabolomic profile among African Americans in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC71902

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables CXCR chemokine receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables chemokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables chemokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cell chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cytolysis in another organism IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in inflammatory response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in killing of cells of another organism IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to nutrient IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    colocalizes_with secretory granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    C-C motif chemokine 28
    Names
    CC chemokine CCL28
    chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28
    mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine
    small inducible cytokine A28
    small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 28

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001301873.2 → NP_001288802.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288802.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 all encode the same isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC025457, AF110384, BX486632
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3944.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      D7RIE7, Q9NRJ3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0N0Q3
      Related
      ENSP00000426424.1, ENST00000489442.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00048
      Location:28 → 86
      IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

    2. NM_001301874.2 → NP_001288803.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288803.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 3' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, and 3 all encode the same isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AF266504, BX486632
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3944.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      D7RIE7, Q9NRJ3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0N0Q3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00048
      Location:28 → 86
      IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

    3. NM_001301875.2 → NP_001288804.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288804.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate promoter, as evidenced by epigenomic data, and has an alternate 5' terminal exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC025457, CD671712
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS78006.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D6RC73
      Related
      ENSP00000422369.1, ENST00000513525.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00048
      Location:2 → 39
      IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

    4. NM_148672.3 → NP_683513.1  C-C motif chemokine 28 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_683513.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (a). Variants 1, 2, and 3 all encode the same isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC025457, BX486632
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3944.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      D7RIE7, Q9NRJ3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0N0Q3
      Related
      ENSP00000354416.4, ENST00000361115.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00048
      Location:28 → 86
      IL8; Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      43356975..43412391 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RNA

    1. XR_427660.3 RNA Sequence

    2. XR_925633.3 RNA Sequence

    3. XR_007058612.1 RNA Sequence

    4. XR_007058610.1 RNA Sequence

    5. XR_007058611.1 RNA Sequence

    6. XR_007058613.1 RNA Sequence

    7. XR_241706.4 RNA Sequence

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      43609806..43665221 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RNA

    1. XR_008487136.1 RNA Sequence

    2. XR_008487134.1 RNA Sequence

    3. XR_008487137.1 RNA Sequence

    4. XR_008487139.1 RNA Sequence

    5. XR_008487138.1 RNA Sequence

    6. XR_008487140.1 RNA Sequence

    7. XR_008487135.1 RNA Sequence

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_019846.3: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_019846.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9NRJ3.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9NRJ3

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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