Tbh Tyramine beta hydroxylase [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Tbhprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: Tyramine beta hydroxylaseprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0010329
Locus tag: Dmel_CG1543
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0010329
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG1543; Dbh; DBH; Dmel\CG1543; T beta h; tbetah; Tbetah; TbetaH; TBetah; TBetaH; TbetaM; tbh; TbH; TBh; TBH
Summary: Enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen. Involved in several processes, including behavioral response to ethanol; inter-male aggressive behavior; and learning or memory. Predicted to be active in extracellular space and secretory granule membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including adult brain; adult central complex; octopaminergic neurons; synaptic neuropil domain; and ventral nerve cord. Used to study alcohol use disorder. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including alcohol use disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency; hypertension; and migraine with aura. Orthologous to human DBH (dopamine beta-hydroxylase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 7D2-7D2; 1-22 cM

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (7995697..8027394)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (7889730..7921427)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Genetic reduction of tyramine beta hydroxylase suppresses Tau toxicity in a Drosophila model of tauopathy.
Title: Genetic reduction of tyramine β hydroxylase suppresses Tau toxicity in a Drosophila model of tauopathy.
Sensitivity to expression levels underlies differential dominance of a putative null allele of the Drosophila tbetah gene in behavioral phenotypes.
Title: Sensitivity to expression levels underlies differential dominance of a putative null allele of the Drosophila tβh gene in behavioral phenotypes.
We further show that the level of tyramine-beta-hydroxylase (TBH), the enzyme that converts tyramine into octopamine in aminergic neurons, is increased by food deprivation, thus selecting between antagonistic amine actions on motoneurons
Title: Tyramine action on motoneuron excitability and adaptable tyramine/octopamine ratios adjust Drosophila locomotion to nutritional state.
While octopamine (OA) release reduced body fat, we inferred that tyramine (TA)release has the opposite effect, rescuing the fat deposition phenotype clearly seen in Tbh-deficient Drosophila.
Title: Octopamine controls starvation resistance, life span and metabolic traits in Drosophila.
Interdomain long-range electron transfer becomes rate-limiting in the Y216A variant of tyramine beta-monooxygenase.
Title: Interdomain long-range electron transfer becomes rate-limiting in the Y216A variant of tyramine β-monooxygenase.
the tyramine beta-monooxygenase mechanism is different from that of the mammalian enzyme, dopamine beta-monooxygenase
Title: Mechanism of the insect enzyme, tyramine beta-monooxygenase, reveals differences from the mammalian enzyme, dopamine beta-monooxygenase.
Octopamine is not the natural signal for flight initiation because flies lacking octopamine [tyramine-beta-hydroxylase null mutants] can fly, though they show markedly different flight-initiation and -maintenance capabilities compared to wild-type flies.
Title: Flight initiation and maintenance deficits in flies with genetically altered biogenic amine levels.
Data show that ovulation is defective in females lacking tyramine beta-hydroxylase, resulting in blockage of mature oocytes within the ovaries.
Title: Distinct octopamine cell population residing in the CNS abdominal ganglion controls ovulation in Drosophila melanogaster.
Recombinant tyramine beta-monooxygenase requires copper for activity and has a typical type 2 copper electron spin resonance (EPR) spectrum.
Title: Expression and characterization of recombinant tyramine beta-monooxygenase from Drosophila: a monomeric copper-containing hydroxylase.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

fl05f06.x1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:201902

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables copper ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables copper ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in aggressive behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of behavioral response to pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dopamine catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in flight behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in inter-male aggressive behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in larval locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in learning	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in locomotion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male courtship behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mating behavior, sex discrimination	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in memory	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in norepinephrine biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in octopamine biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in octopamine biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in octopamine signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in ovulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of forward locomotion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in secretory granule membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: tyramine beta hydroxylase

Names: CG1543-PB; CG1543-PC; Tbh-PB; Tbh-PC; Tyrosine-beta-hydroxylase; dopamine beta hydroxylase; tyramine beta-hydroxylase; tyramine beta-monooxygenase; tyramine betahydroxylase; tyramine-beta-hydroxylase; tyroside beta-hydroxylase; tyrosine beta hydroxylase

NP_001284996.1

EC 1.14.17.-

EC 1.14.17.1

NP_788884.1

EC 1.14.17.-

EC 1.14.17.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

7995697..8027394

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_176711.3 → NP_788884.1 tyramine beta hydroxylase, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_788884.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q1EC33, Q24549, Q86B61

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

X2JIW9

Related

FBpp0089042

Conserved Domains (3) summary

pfam01082
Location:264 → 389

Cu2_monooxygen; Copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase, N-terminal domain

pfam03351
Location:102 → 220

DOMON; DOMON domain

pfam03712
Location:410 → 565

Cu2_monoox_C; Copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase, C-terminal domain
NM_001298067.1 → NP_001284996.1 tyramine beta hydroxylase, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001284996.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q1EC33, Q24549, Q86B61

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

X2JIW9

Conserved Domains (3) summary

pfam01082
Location:264 → 389

Cu2_monooxygen; Copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase, N-terminal domain

pfam03351
Location:102 → 220

DOMON; DOMON domain

pfam03712
Location:410 → 565

Cu2_monoox_C; Copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase, C-terminal domain