Table 1, Study Outcomes, Covariates, and Data Sources - Using Wellness Coaches and Extra Support to Improve the Health and Wellness of Adults with Serious Mental Illness

Outcomes/covariates	Data source(s)	When	How assessed
Primary outcomes
Activation in care	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	PAM⁶⁸
Health status^a	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	SF-12v2⁶⁹
Engagement in primary/specialty care	PA DHS claims data	Updated every 6 mo	Frequency of visits in 12-mo periods
Secondary outcomes
Hope	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	Single-item hope measure⁷⁰
Quality of life	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	Q-LES-Q-SF⁷¹
Functional status	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	Sheehan Disability Index⁷²
Satisfaction with care	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	PACIC⁷³
Medication adherence	Community Care and PA DHS claims data	Updated every 6 mo	Medication possession ratio in 6-mo periods⁷⁴
Emergent care	Community Care and PA DHS claims data	Updated every 6 mo	Frequency of inpatient or emergency department claims in 12-mo periods
Laboratory monitoring	PA DHS claims data	Updated every 6 mo	Frequency of laboratory monitoring: lipids, glucose, and HgbA_1c in 12-mo periods
Covariates
Engagement in interventions	Community Care claims data	Updated every 6 mo	Low, medium, or high intervention engagement based on behavioral health service user as a proxy
Social support	Service user	Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase	ISEL⁷⁵
Severity of mental illness	Community Care claims data	Baseline	Inpatient behavioral health service use in the past 6 mo
Medical stability	PA DHS claims data	Baseline	CCI⁷⁶
Demographic characteristics	Community Care administrative/claims data	Baseline	Age, gender, race, SMI diagnosis, anxiety diagnosis, or substance use diagnosis
Process
Implementation facilitators and barriers	Service users; CMHC providers	Baseline; 12 mo and 24 mo during intervention phase	Qualitative interviews

Outcomes/covariates

Data source(s)

When

How assessed

Primary outcomes

Activation in care

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

PAM⁶⁸

Health status^a

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

SF-12v2⁶⁹

Engagement in primary/specialty care

PA DHS claims data

Updated every 6 mo

Frequency of visits in 12-mo periods

Secondary outcomes

Hope

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

Single-item hope measure⁷⁰

Quality of life

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

Q-LES-Q-SF⁷¹

Functional status

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

Sheehan Disability Index⁷²

Satisfaction with care

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

PACIC⁷³

Medication adherence

Community Care and PA DHS claims data

Updated every 6 mo

Medication possession ratio in 6-mo periods⁷⁴

Emergent care

Community Care and PA DHS claims data

Updated every 6 mo

Frequency of inpatient or emergency department claims in 12-mo periods

Laboratory monitoring

PA DHS claims data

Updated every 6 mo

Frequency of laboratory monitoring: lipids, glucose, and HgbA_1c in 12-mo periods

Covariates

Engagement in interventions

Community Care claims data

Updated every 6 mo

Low, medium, or high intervention engagement based on behavioral health service user as a proxy

Social support

Service user

Baseline and every 6 mo during intervention phase

ISEL⁷⁵

Severity of mental illness

Community Care claims data

Baseline

Inpatient behavioral health service use in the past 6 mo

Medical stability

PA DHS claims data

Baseline

CCI⁷⁶

Demographic characteristics

Community Care administrative/claims data

Baseline

Age, gender, race, SMI diagnosis, anxiety diagnosis, or substance use diagnosis

Process

Implementation facilitators and barriers

Service users; CMHC providers

Baseline; 12 mo and 24 mo during intervention phase

Qualitative interviews

From: Using Wellness Coaches and Extra Support to Improve the Health and Wellness of Adults with Serious Mental Illness

Cover of Using Wellness Coaches and Extra Support to Improve the Health and Wellness of Adults with Serious Mental Illness

Using Wellness Coaches and Extra Support to Improve the Health and Wellness of Adults with Serious Mental Illness [Internet].

Schuster J, Reynolds C III, Carney T, et al.

Washington (DC): Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI); 2019 Feb.

This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License which permits noncommercial use and distribution provided the original author(s) and source are credited. (See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Table 1Study Outcomes, Covariates, and Data Sources