Table 6, Frequency of Tobacco Use Assessment; Provision of Advice to Quit; Offer of Referral for Cessation Counseling by AAC Time Period; and Test of HTE for Sex, Age, Race, Ethnicity, and Insurance Type - Adding a Teachable Moment Approach to a Team-Based Primary Care Ask-Advise-Connect Approach for Tobacco Cessation

Description	Pre-AAC implementation (n = 36 676), %	Post–AAC-only implementation (n = 139 384), %	Pre-AAC to post–AAC-only difference	Significant characteristic × time period interaction effect
Ask^a, % yes
Sex
Male	24.1	52.6	28.5	<0.001
Female	27.6	49.9	22.3
Age, y
18-34	22.6	43.1	20.5
35-64	27.8	53.1	26.0
≥65	27.9	53.7	25.8
Race
White	33.4	56.5	23.1	<0.001^b
Black	21.6	48.7	27.1
Other	22.3	34.2	11.9
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	27.7	52.7	25.0
Hispanic	18.4	35.9	17.5
Primary insurance class
Commercial	29.8	52.2	22.4	<0.001
Medicaid/self-pay	23.5	47.6	24.1
Medicare	28.6	55.2	26.6
Advise, % yes
Sex
Male	22.2	40.9	18.7
Female	12.9	30.4	17.5
Age, y
18-34	15.3	30.3	15.0
35-64	17.4	38.3	20.9
≥65	9.4	23.1	13.7
Race
White	16.1	36.2	20.1
Black	16.3	32.9	16.6
Other	5.7	21.4	15.7
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	15.8	34.7	18.9
Hispanic	11.8	22.7	10.9
Primary insurance class
Commercial	12.2	28.1	15.9
Medicaid/self-pay	20.7	41.1	20.4
Medicare	12.5	29.8	17.3
Assess readiness, % yes
Sex
Male	6.4	26.8	20.4
Female	4.2	18.7	14.5
Age, y
18-34	4.8	17.5	12.7
35-64	5.5	25.4	19.9
≥65	2.4	12.5	10.1
Race
White	4.4	21.1	16.7
Black	5.9	23.5	17.6
Other	1.2	7.7	6.5
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	5.1	22.0	16.9
Hispanic	2.6	13.7	11.1
Primary insurance class
Commercial	2.7	15.3	12.6
Medicaid/self-pay	7.3	28.3	21.0
Medicare	4.2	18.2	14.0
Accept connect, % yes
Sex
Male	0	43.7	43.7
Female	0.8	43.6	42.8
Age, y
18-34	0	41.5	41.5
35-64	0	44.6	44.6
≥65	12.5	40.0	27.5
Race
White	0	40.4	40.4
Black	0.7	45.8	45.1
Other	0	48.1	48.1
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	0.6	42.9	42.3
Hispanic	0	52.0	52.0
Primary insurance class
Commercial	0	41.8	41.8
Medicaid/self-pay	0	44.1	44.1
Medicare	3.0	42.9	39.9

Description

Pre-AAC implementation (n = 36 676), %

Post–AAC-only implementation (n = 139 384), %

Pre-AAC to post–AAC-only difference

Significant characteristic × time period interaction effect

Ask^a, % yes

Sex

Male

24.1

52.6

28.5

<0.001

Female

27.6

49.9

22.3

Age, y

18-34

22.6

43.1

20.5

35-64

27.8

53.1

26.0

≥65

27.9

53.7

25.8

Race

White

33.4

56.5

23.1

<0.001^b

Black

21.6

48.7

27.1

Other

22.3

34.2

11.9

Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic

27.7

52.7

25.0

Hispanic

18.4

35.9

17.5

Primary insurance class

Commercial

29.8

52.2

22.4

<0.001

Medicaid/self-pay

23.5

47.6

24.1

Medicare

28.6

55.2

26.6

Advise, % yes

Sex

Male

22.2

40.9

18.7

Female

12.9

30.4

17.5

Age, y

18-34

15.3

30.3

15.0

35-64

17.4

38.3

20.9

≥65

9.4

23.1

13.7

Race

White

16.1

36.2

20.1

Black

16.3

32.9

16.6

Other

5.7

21.4

15.7

Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic

15.8

34.7

18.9

Hispanic

11.8

22.7

10.9

Primary insurance class

Commercial

12.2

28.1

15.9

Medicaid/self-pay

20.7

41.1

20.4

Medicare

12.5

29.8

17.3

Assess readiness, % yes

Sex

Male

6.4

26.8

20.4

Female

4.2

18.7

14.5

Age, y

18-34

4.8

17.5

12.7

35-64

5.5

25.4

19.9

≥65

2.4

12.5

10.1

Race

White

4.4

21.1

16.7

Black

5.9

23.5

17.6

Other

1.2

7.7

6.5

Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic

5.1

22.0

16.9

Hispanic

2.6

13.7

11.1

Primary insurance class

Commercial

2.7

15.3

12.6

Medicaid/self-pay

7.3

28.3

21.0

Medicare

4.2

18.2

14.0

Accept connect, % yes

Sex

Male

43.7

Female

0.8

43.6

42.8

Age, y

18-34

41.5

35-64

44.6

≥65

12.5

40.0

27.5

Race

White

40.4

Black

0.7

45.8

45.1

Other

48.1

Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic

0.6

42.9

42.3

Hispanic

52.0

Primary insurance class

Commercial

41.8

Medicaid/self-pay

44.1

Medicare

3.0

42.9

39.9

From: Adding a Teachable Moment Approach to a Team-Based Primary Care Ask-Advise-Connect Approach for Tobacco Cessation

Cover of Adding a Teachable Moment Approach to a Team-Based Primary Care Ask-Advise-Connect Approach for Tobacco Cessation

Adding a Teachable Moment Approach to a Team-Based Primary Care Ask-Advise-Connect Approach for Tobacco Cessation [Internet].

Flocke S, Seeholzer E, Love T, et al.

Washington (DC): Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI); 2021 Feb.

This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License which permits noncommercial use and distribution provided the original author(s) and source are credited. (See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Table 6Frequency of Tobacco Use Assessment; Provision of Advice to Quit; Offer of Referral for Cessation Counseling by AAC Time Period; and Test of HTE for Sex, Age, Race, Ethnicity, and Insurance Type