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Defined in the broadest sense, Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology, and evolution of saccharides (sugar chains or glycans) that are widely distributed in nature in all living life forms. Glycobiology is now one of the more rapidly growing fields in the natural sciences, with broad relevance to many areas of basic research, biomedicine, and biotechnology. The field includes the chemistry of carbohydrates, the enzymology of glycan formation and degradation, the recognition of glycans by specific proteins, roles of glycans in complex biological systems, and their analysis or manipulation by various techniques. The third edition of this primary textbook in the field continues in the prior tradition, seeking to provide basic overview of Glycobiology, directed towards the advanced undergraduate or the beginning graduate-level student of molecular and cellular biology and biomedicine. While efforts have been made to avoid a major increase in overall length of the text, substantial changes and improvements include the following: broader focus on all lineages of life forms in nature; wider range of topics, ranging from biology and medicine to chemistry and materials science; expanded international editorial board representing a wider range of expertise; wider range of contributing authors with expertise in specific areas; greatly expanded monosaccharide symbol nomenclature for the representation of glycans; and greater attention to informatics, and relevance to exploration of the glycome.
Contents
- Foreword: Propelling a Field ForwardPublished online: 2017.
- PrefacePublished online: 2017.
- Praise for the Previous Editions of Essentials of GlycobiologyPublished online: 2017.
- Advance Comments on the Third Edition of Essentials of GlycobiologyPublished online: September 5, 2017.
- ContributorsPublished online: 2017.
- Consultant ReviewersPublished online: 2017.
- Classic Books and MonographsPublished online: 2017.
- AbbreviationsPublished online: 2017.
- Front Cover ArtworkPublished online: September 5, 2017.
- General Principles
- 1. Historical Background and OverviewAjit Varki and Stuart Kornfeld.Published online: 2017.
- 2. Monosaccharide DiversityPeter H. Seeberger.Published online: 2017.
- 3. Oligosaccharides and PolysaccharidesJames H. Prestegard, Jian Liu, and Göran Widmalm.Published online: 2017.
- 4. Cellular Organization of GlycosylationKaren J. Colley, Ajit Varki, and Taroh Kinoshita.Published online: 2017.
- 5. Glycosylation PrecursorsHudson H. Freeze, Gerald W. Hart, and Ronald L. Schnaar.Published online: 2017.
- 6. Glycosyltransferases and Glycan-Processing EnzymesJames M. Rini and Jeffrey D. Esko.Published online: 2017.
- 7. Biological Functions of GlycansAjit Varki and Pascal Gagneux.Published online: 2017.
- 8. A Genomic View of GlycobiologyBernard Henrissat, Avadhesha Surolia, and Pamela Stanley.Published online: 2017.
- 1. Historical Background and Overview
- Structure and Biosynthesis
- 9. N-GlycansPamela Stanley, Naoyuki Taniguchi, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 10. O-GalNAc GlycansInka Brockhausen and Pamela Stanley.Published online: 2017.
- 11. GlycosphingolipidsRonald L. Schnaar and Taroh Kinoshita.Published online: 2017.
- 12. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol AnchorsMichael A.J. Ferguson, Gerald W. Hart, and Taroh Kinoshita.Published online: 2017.
- 13. Other Classes of Eukaryotic GlycansRobert S. Haltiwanger, Lance Wells, Hudson H. Freeze, and Pamela Stanley.Published online: 2017.
- 14. Structures Common to Different GlycansPamela Stanley and Richard D. Cummings.Published online: 2017.
- 15. Sialic Acids and Other Nonulosonic AcidsAjit Varki, Ronald L. Schnaar, and Roland Schauer.Published online: 2017.
- 16. HyaluronanVincent Hascall and Jeffrey D. Esko.Published online: 2017.
- 17. Proteoglycans and Sulfated GlycosaminoglycansUlf Lindahl, John Couchman, Koji Kimata, and Jeffrey D. Esko.Published online: 2017.
- 18. Nucleocytoplasmic GlycosylationChristopher M. West and Gerald W. Hart.Published online: 2017.
- 19. The O-GlcNAc ModificationNatasha Zachara, Yoshihiro Akimoto, and Gerald W. Hart.Published online: 2017.
- 9. N-Glycans
- Glycans in Evolution and Development
- 20. Evolution of Glycan DiversityPascal Gagneux, Markus Aebi, and Ajit Varki.Published online: 2017.
- 21. EubacteriaChris Whitfield, Christine M. Szymanski, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 22. ArchaeaSonja Albers, Jerry Eichler, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 23. FungiTamara L. Doering, Richard D. Cummings, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 24. Viridiplantae and AlgaeMalcolm A. O'Neill, Alan G. Darvill, Marilynn E. Etzler, Debra Mohnen, and Serge Perez.Published online: 2017.
- 25. NematodaIain B.H. Wilson, Richard D. Cummings, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 26. ArthropodaMichael Tiemeyer, Hiroshi Nakato, and Jeffrey D. Esko.Published online: 2017.
- 27. DeuterostomesMichael Pierce and Pamela Stanley.Published online: 2017.
- 20. Evolution of Glycan Diversity
- Glycan-Binding Proteins
- 28. Discovery and Classification of Glycan-Binding ProteinsMaureen E. Taylor, Kurt Drickamer, Ronald L. Schnaar, Marilynn E. Etzler, and Ajit Varki.Published online: 2017.
- 29. Principles of Glycan RecognitionRichard D. Cummings, Ronald L. Schnaar, Jeffrey D. Esko, Kurt Drickamer, and Maureen E. Taylor.Published online: 2017.
- 30. Structural Biology of Glycan RecognitionAnne Imberty and James H. Prestegard.Published online: 2017.
- 31. R-Type LectinsRichard D. Cummings and Ronald L. Schnaar.Published online: 2017.
- 32. L-Type LectinsRichard D. Cummings, Marilynn E. Etzler, and Avadhesha Surolia.Published online: 2017.
- 33. P-Type LectinsAjit Varki and Stuart Kornfeld.Published online: 2017.
- 34. C-Type LectinsRichard D. Cummings and Rodger P. McEver.Published online: 2017.
- 35. I-Type LectinsAjit Varki, Ronald L. Schnaar, and Paul R. Crocker.Published online: 2017.
- 36. GalectinsRichard D. Cummings, Fu-Tong Liu, and Gerardo R. Vasta.Published online: 2017.
- 37. Microbial Lectins: Hemagglutinins, Adhesins, and ToxinsVictor Nizet, Ajit Varki, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 38. Proteins That Bind Sulfated GlycosaminoglycansJeffrey D. Esko, James H. Prestegard, and Robert J. Linhardt.Published online: 2017.
- 28. Discovery and Classification of Glycan-Binding Proteins
- Glycans in Physiology and Disease
- 39. Glycans in Glycoprotein Quality ControlArmando Parodi, Richard D. Cummings, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 40. Free Glycans as Signaling MoleculesMalcolm A. O'Neill, Alan G. Darvill, Marilynn E. Etzler, and Jeffrey D. Esko.Published online: 2017.
- 41. Glycans in Systemic PhysiologyHudson H. Freeze, Linda Baum, and Ajit Varki.Published online: 2017.
- 42. Bacterial and Viral InfectionsChristine M. Szymanski, Ronald L. Schnaar, and Markus Aebi.Published online: 2017.
- 43. Parasitic InfectionsRichard D. Cummings and Irma van Die.Published online: 2017.
- 44. Genetic Disorders of Glycan DegradationHudson H. Freeze, Taroh Kinoshita, and Ronald L. Schnaar.Published online: 2017.
- 45. Genetic Disorders of GlycosylationHudson H. Freeze, Harry Schachter, and Taroh Kinoshita.Published online: 2017.
- 46. Glycans in Acquired Human DiseasesHudson H. Freeze, Taroh Kinoshita, and Ajit Varki.Published online: 2017.
- 47. Glycosylation Changes in CancerAjit Varki, Reiji Kannagi, Bryan Toole, and Pamela Stanley.Published online: 2017.
- 39. Glycans in Glycoprotein Quality Control
- Methods and Applications
- 48. Glycan-Recognizing Probes as ToolsRichard D. Cummings, Alan G. Darvill, Marilynn E. Etzler, and Michael G. Hahn.Published online: 2017.
- 49. Glycosylation Mutants of Cultured Mammalian CellsJeffrey D. Esko and Pamela Stanley.Published online: 2017.
- 50. Structural Analysis of GlycansBarbara Mulloy, Anne Dell, Pamela Stanley, and James H. Prestegard.Published online: 2017.
- 51. Glycomics and GlycoproteomicsPauline Rudd, Niclas G. Karlsson, Kay-Hooi Khoo, and Nicolle H. Packer.Published online: 2017.
- 52. GlycoinformaticsMatthew P. Campbell, Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita, Frederique Lisacek, William S. York, and Nicolle H. Packer.Published online: 2017.
- 53. Chemical Synthesis of Glycans and GlycoconjugatesPeter H. Seeberger and Hermen S. Overkleeft.Published online: 2017.
- 54. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycans and GlycoconjugatesHermen S. Overkleeft and Peter H. Seeberger.Published online: 2017.
- 55. Chemical Tools for Inhibiting GlycosylationJeffrey D. Esko, Carolyn Bertozzi, and Ronald L. Schnaar.Published online: 2017.
- 56. Glycosylation EngineeringHenrik Clausen, Hans H. Wandall, Catharina Steentoft, Pamela Stanley, and Ronald L. Schnaar.Published online: 2017.
- 57. Glycans in Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical IndustryPeter H. Seeberger and Richard D. Cummings.Published online: 2017.
- 58. Glycans in NanotechnologySoledad Penadés, Benjamin G. Davis, and Peter H. Seeberger.Published online: 2017.
- 59. Glycans in Bioenergy and Materials ScienceMalcolm A. O'Neill, Robert J. Moon, William S. York, and Alan G. Darvill.Published online: 2017.
- 60. Future Directions in GlycosciencesGerald W. Hart and Ajit Varki.Published online: 2017.
- 48. Glycan-Recognizing Probes as Tools
- Online Appendix 1A. Some Important Milestones in the History of GlycobiologyAjit Varki and Stuart Kornfeld.Published online: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 1B. Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG)Published online: October 15, 2015; Last Update: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 12A. Examples of GPI-Anchored ProteinsMichael AJ Ferguson, Gerald W Hart, and Taroh Kinoshita.Published online: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 12B. Complex and Varied Structures of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchors.Michael AJ Ferguson, Gerald W Hart, and Taroh Kinoshita.Published online: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 27A. Glycosylation Genes Essential for Mouse Embryonic DevelopmentMichael Pierce and Pamela Stanley.Published online: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 28A. Comparison of Two Major Classes of Glycan-Binding ProteinsMaureen E Taylor, Kurt Drickamer, Ronald L Schnaar, Marilynn E Etzler, and Ajit Varki.Published online: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 38A. Molecular Dynamic SimulationsJeffrey D Esko, James H Prestegard, and Robert J Linhardt.Published online: September 5, 2017.
- Online Appendix 45A. Known Human Glycosylation DisordersHudson H. Freeze, Harry Schachter, and Taroh Kinoshita.Last Update: August 21, 2018.
- Online Appendix 52A. Organizations and Publications Adopting SNFGPublished online: August 31, 2016; Last Update: September 5, 2017.
- GlossaryPublished online: 2017.
- Study GuidePublished online: 2017.
- ErrataPublished online: 2017.
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Front cover artwork: Stereo view of a crystal structure (1TB6) of the complex between antithrombin (purple), thrombin (blue), and a 16-mer heparin mimetic (SR123781A). The proteins are shown in cartoon with a semitransparent surface, and the oligosaccharide is represented as ball-and-stick, with carbon in green, oxygen in red, and sulfur in yellow. The oligosaccharide is composed of an antithrombin-specific pentasaccharide based on idraparanux, an uncharged seven-saccharide unit linker, and a highly sulfated four residue thrombin-binding unit. Picture courtesy of Jim Huntington, Professor of Molecular Haemostasis, University of Cambridge.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Varki, Ajit, editor.
Title: Essentials of glycobiology/edited by Ajit Varki [and eleven others].
Description: Third edition. | Cold Spring Harbor, New York : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, [2017]
Identifiers: LCCN 2016045934 | ISBN 9781621821328 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Glycoproteins. | Glycosylation. | Glycomics. | Molecular biology.
Classification: LCC QP552.G59 E87 2017 | DDC 572/.68--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016045934
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Full text of this work and associated links are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310274
- Review Essentials of Glycobiology[ 2022]Review Essentials of GlycobiologyVarki A, Cummings RD, Esko JD, Stanley P, Hart GW, Aebi M, Mohnen D, Kinoshita T, Packer NH, Prestegard JH, et al. 2022
- Macromolecular crowding: chemistry and physics meet biology (Ascona, Switzerland, 10-14 June 2012).[Phys Biol. 2013]Macromolecular crowding: chemistry and physics meet biology (Ascona, Switzerland, 10-14 June 2012).Foffi G, Pastore A, Piazza F, Temussi PA. Phys Biol. 2013 Aug; 10(4):040301. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
- Implementation of GlycanBuilder to draw a wide variety of ambiguous glycans.[Carbohydr Res. 2017]Implementation of GlycanBuilder to draw a wide variety of ambiguous glycans.Tsuchiya S, Aoki NP, Shinmachi D, Matsubara M, Yamada I, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Narimatsu H. Carbohydr Res. 2017 Jun 5; 445:104-116. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
- Updates to the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans guidelines.[Glycobiology. 2019]Updates to the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans guidelines.Neelamegham S, Aoki-Kinoshita K, Bolton E, Frank M, Lisacek F, Lütteke T, O'Boyle N, Packer NH, Stanley P, Toukach P, et al. Glycobiology. 2019 Aug 20; 29(9):620-624.
- Review The Global Genome Question: Microbes as the Key to Understanding Evolution and Ecology: This report is based on a colloquium, “The Global Genome Question: Microbes as the Key to Understanding Evolution and Ecology,” sponsored by the American Academy of Microbiology and held October 11-13, 2002, in Longboat Key, Florida[ 2004]Review The Global Genome Question: Microbes as the Key to Understanding Evolution and Ecology: This report is based on a colloquium, “The Global Genome Question: Microbes as the Key to Understanding Evolution and Ecology,” sponsored by the American Academy of Microbiology and held October 11-13, 2002, in Longboat Key, Florida. 2004
- Essentials of GlycobiologyEssentials of Glycobiology
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