Rho rhodopsin [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Rhoprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: rhodopsinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3573
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000011144 AllianceGenome:RGD:3573
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables retinal binding activity and spectrin binding activity. Involved in G protein-coupled opsin signaling pathway and red, far-red light phototransduction. Located in photoreceptor outer segment membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in congenital stationary night blindness autosomal dominant 1; fundus albipunctatus; night blindness; retinitis pigmentosa; and retinitis pigmentosa 4. Orthologous to human RHO (rhodopsin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Testes (RPKM 2.7), Uterus (RPKM 1.2) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q42

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (150653205..150658367)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (148975597..148988693)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (147832136..147837298)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pharmacological Inhibition of the VCP/Proteasome Axis Rescues Photoreceptor Degeneration in RHO(P23H) Rat Retinal Explants.
Title: Pharmacological Inhibition of the VCP/Proteasome Axis Rescues Photoreceptor Degeneration in RHO(P23H) Rat Retinal Explants.
these results suggest that retinoid metabolism in the eye is impaired in type 1 diabetes, which leads to deficient generation of visual pigments and neural retinal dysfunction in early diabetes.
Title: Impaired Rhodopsin Generation in the Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.
EGF induces Ca(2+) sensitization in vascular smooth muscle by Rho-kinase-dependent inactivation of MLCP mediated by the EGF receptor/MEK/Erk1/2 pathway
Title: Epidermal growth factor induces Ca(2+) sensitization through Rho-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 in vascular smooth muscle.
Allele-specific ASO-mediated knockdown of mutant P23H rhodopsin expression slowed the rate of photoreceptor degeneration and preserved the function of photoreceptor cells in eyes of the P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat.
Title: Allele-Specific Inhibition of Rhodopsin With an Antisense Oligonucleotide Slows Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration.
Phosphorylation of the Rho/ROCK signaling target cofilin.
Title: Adiponectin stimulates Rho-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling and glucose uptake via APPL1 in primary cardiomyocytes.
During development, some rhodopsin-expressing cells are displaced to the inner retinal layers.
Title: Immunocytochemical analysis of misplaced rhodopsin-positive cells in the developing rodent retina.
We examine and compare the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress to retinal degeneration in several vertebrate models of retinitis pigementosa generated through expression of mutant rhodopsins.
Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in vertebrate mutant rhodopsin models of retinal degeneration.
Rho kinase is involved in endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.
Title: Targeting of Rho kinase ameliorates impairment of diabetic endothelial function in intrarenal artery.
The aim of this study was to examine the onset of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) gene expression in S334ter Rho retinas to determine if UPR is activated in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa animal models.
Title: ER stress in retinal degeneration in S334ter Rho rats.
Strong activation of calpain and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was found in rhodopsin mutants.
Title: Calpain and PARP activation during photoreceptor cell death in P23H and S334ter rhodopsin mutant rats.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 11-cis retinal binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables photoreceptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables retinal binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables spectrin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled opsin signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in absorption of visible light	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to light stimulus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to light stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to light stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within detection of light stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within microtubule cytoskeleton organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in photoreceptor cell maintenance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within photoreceptor cell maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in photoreceptor cell maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phototransduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in phototransduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within phototransduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in podosome assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within podosome assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in red, far-red light phototransduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to light intensity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to light intensity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to light stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within retina development in camera-type eye	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in rod bipolar cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within rod bipolar cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within sensory perception of light stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in thermotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within thermotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in visual perception	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within visual perception	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cell-cell junction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cell-cell junction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in photoreceptor disc membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in photoreceptor disc membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in photoreceptor disc membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in photoreceptor inner segment	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in photoreceptor inner segment membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in photoreceptor inner segment membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in photoreceptor inner segment membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in photoreceptor outer segment	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in photoreceptor outer segment	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in photoreceptor outer segment	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in photoreceptor outer segment membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in photoreceptor outer segment membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in photoreceptor outer segment membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in photoreceptor outer segment membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in rod photoreceptor outer segment	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in rod photoreceptor outer segment	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in sperm head plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in sperm head plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in sperm midpiece	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in sperm midpiece	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: rhodopsin

Names: Rhodopsin (retinitis pigmentosa 4, autosomal dominant)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_033441.1 → NP_254276.1 rhodopsin

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_254276.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

Z46957

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P51489

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0G2JSY7, A6IL03

Related

ENSRNOP00000061473.1, ENSRNOT00000064603.3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam10413
Location:3 → 37

Rhodopsin_N; Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin

cd15080
Location:38 → 317

7tmA_MWS_opsin; medium wave-sensitive opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors