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HP1 family phage holin
Phage_holin_2_3 is a family of small hydrophobic phage proteins called holins with one transmembrane domain. Holins are produced by double-stranded DNA bacteriophages that use an endolysin-holin strategy to achieve lysis of their hosts. The endolysins are peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes that are usually accumulated in the cytosol until access to the cell wall substrate is provided by the holin membrane lesion 1,2]. [1]. 8710508. The complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage HP1 DNA. Esposito D, Fitzmaurice WP, Benjamin RC, Goodman SD, Waldman AS, Scocca JJ;. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996;24:2360-2368. [2]. 9068631. Cloning and characterization of bacteriophage-like DNA from Haemophilus somnus homologous to phages P2 and HP1. Pontarollo RA, Rioux CR, Potter AA;. J Bacteriol. 1997;179:1872-1879. (from Pfam)
phage holin
The pinholin type of holin produces a membrane hold just large enough to cause a membrane depolarization that triggers release of Sec-secreted endolysin from the inner membrane, activating the enzyme. This holin mechanism differs from that of holins that actually disrupt membrane enough to provide endolysin access to the cell wall.
class II holin family protein
class II holin family protein similar to lambdoid phage 21 pinholin, which forms small holes that depolarize the membrane
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