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    TSPO translocator protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 706, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    TSPOprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    translocator proteinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:1158
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000100300 MIM:109610; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1158
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    DBI; IBP; MBR; PBR; PBS; BPBS; BZRP; PKBS; PTBR; mDRC; pk18; TSPO1
    Summary
    Present mainly in the mitochondrial compartment of peripheral tissues, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with some benzodiazepines and has different affinities than its endogenous counterpart. The protein is a key factor in the flow of cholesterol into mitochondria to permit the initiation of steroid hormone synthesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported; one of the variants lacks an internal exon and is considered non-coding, and the other variants encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]
    Expression
    Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 105.6), fat (RPKM 61.4) and 20 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    See TSPO in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    22q13.2
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 22 NC_000022.11 (43151559..43163242)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 22 NC_060946.1 (43632715..43644077)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 22 NC_000022.10 (43547565..43559248)

    Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43506823-43507381 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13854 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19183 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43524576-43525453 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_63425 Neighboring gene BCL2 interacting killer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13855 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19185 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13856 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19186 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43553089-43553609 Neighboring gene malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43559052-43559555 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43559556-43560058 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43564214-43565070 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43565071-43565926 Neighboring gene tubulin tyrosine ligase like 12 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43581791-43582295 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 19188 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13857 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13858 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13859 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43593145-43594077 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:43594078-43595009 Neighboring gene signal peptide, CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 1 Neighboring gene SCUBE1 antisense RNA 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of TSPO by shRNA enhances HIV-1 replication in nonpermissive NKR cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Treatment with TSPO antagonists or knockdown of TSPO by shRNA activate HIV-1 replication in nonpermissive NKR cells by restoring HIV-1 gp120/gp41 biogenesis PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env TSPO inhibits HIV-1 Env expression in 293T cells in a dose-dependent manner PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env Treatment with TSPO antagonists or knockdown of TSPO by shRNA activate HIV-1 replication in nonpermissive NKR cells by restoring HIV-1 gp120/gp41 biogenesis PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables androgen binding  
    enables benzodiazepine receptor activity  
    enables cholesterol binding PubMed 
    enables cholesterol transfer activity  
    enables protein binding PubMed 
    enables transmembrane transporter binding  
    Items 1 - 25 of 39
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process  
    involved_in adrenal gland development  
    involved_in behavioral response to pain  
    involved_in cellular hypotonic response  
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide  
    involved_in cellular response to zinc ion  
    involved_in chloride transport  
    involved_in cholesterol homeostasis  
    involved_in contact inhibition  
    involved_in glial cell migration  
    involved_in heme biosynthetic process PubMed 
    involved_in maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion  
    involved_in monoatomic anion transport PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of ATP metabolic process  
    involved_in negative regulation of corticosterone secretion  
    involved_in negative regulation of glial cell proliferation  
    involved_in negative regulation of mitophagy  
    involved_in negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process  
    involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination  
    involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production  
    involved_in peripheral nervous system axon regeneration  
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process  
    involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion transport  
    involved_in positive regulation of glial cell proliferation  
    involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization  
    involved_in positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death  
    involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process  
    involved_in protein targeting to mitochondrion PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cholesterol transport PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of steroid biosynthetic process  
    involved_in response to acetylcholine  
    involved_in response to manganese ion  
    involved_in response to progesterone  
    involved_in response to testosterone  
    involved_in response to vitamin B1  
    involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus  
    involved_in steroid metabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in sterol transport  
    Items 1 - 25 of 39
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol  
    located_in extracellular exosome PubMed 
    located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle  
    is_active_in membrane  
    located_in mitochondrial outer membrane  
    located_in mitochondrion PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion  

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    translocator protein
    Names
    benzodiazepine peripheral binding site
    mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor
    peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000714.6NP_000705.2  translocator protein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000705.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (PBR) consists of four exons and encodes the protein PBR.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF075589, BC001110, BP420304
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33661.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30536, Q53Y59, Q6ICF9, Q96TF6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q13850
      Related
      ENSP00000338004.3, ENST00000337554.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03073
      Location:12155
      TspO_MBR; TspO/MBR family
    2. NM_001256530.1NP_001243459.1  translocator protein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243459.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant PBR. Variants PBR, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF075590, BC001110, BG750685
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33661.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30536, Q53Y59, Q6ICF9, Q96TF6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q13850
      Related
      ENSP00000379563.4, ENST00000396265.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03073
      Location:12155
      TspO_MBR; TspO/MBR family
    3. NM_001256531.1NP_001243460.1  translocator protein

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001243460.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant PBR. Variants PBR, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF075590, BC001110, BG749252
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33661.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30536, Q53Y59, Q6ICF9, Q96TF6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q13850
      Related
      ENSP00000328973.4, ENST00000329563.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03073
      Location:12155
      TspO_MBR; TspO/MBR family

    RNA

    1. NR_046308.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (PBR-S) lacks an internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the longest available open reading frame is found in a different frame, compared to variant PBR, and there is no experimental support for the existence of the predicted protein. This transcript has been described in PMID:8307574.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF075589, BC001110, L21950
      Related
      ENST00000583777.5

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000022.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      43151559..43163242
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047441479.1XP_047297435.1  translocator protein isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P30536, Q53Y59, Q6ICF9, Q96TF6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q13850

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060946.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      43632715..43644077
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054325888.1XP_054181863.1  translocator protein isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q13850

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