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ADK adenosine kinase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 132, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
ADKprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
adenosine kinaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:257
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000156110 MIM:102750; AllianceGenome:HGNC:257
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
AK
Summary
This gene an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphate from ATP to adenosine, thereby serving as a regulator of concentrations of both extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenine nucleotides. Adenosine has widespread effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, and immune systems and inhibitors of the enzyme could play an important pharmacological role in increasing intravascular adenosine concentrations and acting as anti-inflammatory agents. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in liver (RPKM 10.9), thyroid (RPKM 8.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See ADK in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
10q22.2; 10q11-q24
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (74151221..74709290)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (75022606..75580765)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (75910979..76469048)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902458 Neighboring gene vinculin Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3589 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3590 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3591 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:75935560-75936506 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3593 Neighboring gene adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit mu 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:75966236-75966768 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:75966769-75967299 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3594 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902456 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3595 Neighboring gene TIMM9 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs595 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102723439 Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3596 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902457 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:76367924-76368771 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:76368772-76369618 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:76414617-76415117 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene RNA polymerase III subunit D pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3597 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902459 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3598 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs1500 Neighboring gene family with sequence similarity 32 member C, pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Related articles in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Adenosine kinase deficiency
MedGen: C4706555 OMIM: 614300 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association analyses identify variants in developmental genes associated with hypospadias.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies four loci associated with eruption of permanent teeth.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of primary tooth eruption identifies pleiotropic loci associated with height and craniofacial distances.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

General gene information

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding  
enables RNA binding PubMed 
enables adenosine kinase activity  
enables deoxyadenosine kinase activity  
enables metal ion binding  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in AMP salvage  
involved_in GMP salvage  
involved_in dAMP salvage  
involved_in dATP biosynthetic process  
involved_in purine nucleobase metabolic process  
involved_in purine ribonucleoside salvage  
involved_in ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytosol  
located_in cytosol  
located_in cytosol  
located_in nucleoplasm  
is_active_in nucleus  
located_in plasma membrane  

General protein information

Preferred Names
adenosine kinase
Names
adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase
testicular tissue protein Li 14
NP_001114.2
NP_001189378.1
NP_001189379.1
NP_001356052.1
NP_001356053.1
NP_006712.2
XP_016871187.1
XP_016871188.1
XP_016871191.1
XP_016871192.1
XP_016871193.1
XP_016871194.1
XP_016871195.1
XP_047280576.1
XP_047280577.1
XP_054220796.1
XP_054220797.1
XP_054220798.1
XP_054220799.1
XP_054220800.1
XP_054220801.1
XP_054220802.1
XP_054220803.1
XP_054220804.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_030484.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5037..563106
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001123.4NP_001114.2  adenosine kinase isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001114.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1), alternately referred to as ADK-short, represents the longest transcript and encodes isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI188809, AK290633, BC003568, BJ989861, BM472149
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7344.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A140VJE0, Q86U79
    Related
    ENSP00000361819.3, ENST00000372734.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00192
    Location:12344
    ribokinase_pfkB_like; ribokinase/pfkB superfamily: Kinases that accept a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrates and aromatic small molecules, all are phosphorylated at a hydroxyl group. The superfamily includes ribokinase, fructokinase, ketohexokinase, ...
  2. NM_001202449.2NP_001189378.1  adenosine kinase isoform c

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001189378.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform c), compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI188809, AK290633, AK302706, BC003568, BJ989861, BM472149
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS55717.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86U79
    Related
    ENSP00000500201.1, ENST00000673027.1
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PTZ00247
    Location:9326
    PTZ00247; adenosine kinase; Provisional
    cl00192
    Location:12326
    ribokinase_pfkB_like; ribokinase/pfkB superfamily: Kinases that accept a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrates and aromatic small molecules, all are phosphorylated at a hydroxyl group. The superfamily includes ribokinase, fructokinase, ketohexokinase, ...
  3. NM_001202450.2NP_001189379.1  adenosine kinase isoform d

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001189379.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, initiates translation at an alternate start codon, and lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform d), compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI188809, AK290633, AK301590, BJ989861
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS55716.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86U79
    Related
    ENSP00000500292.1, ENST00000672429.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00192
    Location:29304
    ribokinase_pfkB_like; ribokinase/pfkB superfamily: Kinases that accept a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrates and aromatic small molecules, all are phosphorylated at a hydroxyl group. The superfamily includes ribokinase, fructokinase, ketohexokinase, ...
  4. NM_001369123.1NP_001356052.1  adenosine kinase isoform e

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC012046, AC022026, AC022540, AC091699, AL357037, AL731576
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91270.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5F9ZH31
    Related
    ENSP00000500056.1, ENST00000673352.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00192
    Location:29254
    ribokinase_pfkB_like; ribokinase/pfkB superfamily: Kinases that accept a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrates and aromatic small molecules, all are phosphorylated at a hydroxyl group. The superfamily includes ribokinase, fructokinase, ketohexokinase, ...
  5. NM_001369124.1NP_001356053.1  adenosine kinase isoform f

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC012046, AC022026, AC091699, AL357037, AL731576
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86U79
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00192
    Location:12287
    ribokinase_pfkB_like; ribokinase/pfkB superfamily: Kinases that accept a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrates and aromatic small molecules, all are phosphorylated at a hydroxyl group. The superfamily includes ribokinase, fructokinase, ketohexokinase, ...
  6. NM_006721.4NP_006712.2  adenosine kinase isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006712.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2), alternately referred to as ADK-long, differs in the 5' UTR and initiates translation at an alternate start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (b) is longer than isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK301590, HM005327, U90338
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7343.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B7Z783, B7Z800, O00741, O00742, P55263, Q16710, Q5JQ10, Q5JQ11, Q9BTN2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86U79
    Related
    ENSP00000443965.2, ENST00000539909.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00192
    Location:29361
    ribokinase_pfkB_like; ribokinase/pfkB superfamily: Kinases that accept a wide variety of substrates, including carbohydrates and aromatic small molecules, all are phosphorylated at a hydroxyl group. The superfamily includes ribokinase, fructokinase, ketohexokinase, ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    74151221..74709290
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017015705.2XP_016871194.1  adenosine kinase isoform X7

  2. XM_017015698.2XP_016871187.1  adenosine kinase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5K1VW54
  3. XM_017015704.2XP_016871193.1  adenosine kinase isoform X6

  4. XM_017015702.2XP_016871191.1  adenosine kinase isoform X4

  5. XM_047424621.1XP_047280577.1  adenosine kinase isoform X9

  6. XM_047424620.1XP_047280576.1  adenosine kinase isoform X2

  7. XM_017015706.2XP_016871195.1  adenosine kinase isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5F9ZH72
    Related
    ENSP00000500097.1, ENST00000673310.1
  8. XM_017015699.2XP_016871188.1  adenosine kinase isoform X3

  9. XM_017015703.3XP_016871192.1  adenosine kinase isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5F9ZHJ1
    Related
    ENSP00000500390.1, ENST00000672394.1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    75022606..75580765
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054364827.1XP_054220802.1  adenosine kinase isoform X7

  2. XM_054364821.1XP_054220796.1  adenosine kinase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5K1VW54
  3. XM_054364826.1XP_054220801.1  adenosine kinase isoform X6

  4. XM_054364824.1XP_054220799.1  adenosine kinase isoform X4

  5. XM_054364829.1XP_054220804.1  adenosine kinase isoform X9

  6. XM_054364822.1XP_054220797.1  adenosine kinase isoform X2

  7. XM_054364828.1XP_054220803.1  adenosine kinase isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5F9ZH72
  8. XM_054364823.1XP_054220798.1  adenosine kinase isoform X3

  9. XM_054364825.1XP_054220800.1  adenosine kinase isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5F9ZHJ1
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