MeSH

structure

Date introduced: January 1, 1971

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Year introduced: 1966(1965)

Agents capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

Derivatives of cinnamic acid (the structural formula: phenyl-HC=CH-COO-), including its salts and esters.

Compounds that include a single 1-phenyl-2-propene moiety in their structure.

Year introduced: 2020

Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon.

Year introduced: 1998

Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)

Year introduced: 1966

Alkenes with the general formula H2C=CH-CH2-R.

Year introduced: 1973(1971)

Organic compounds derived from BENZENE.

Year introduced: 1968

A class of phenolic acids related to chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, etc., which are found in plant tissues. It is involved in plant growth regulation.

Year introduced: 1991(1975)

Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.

Year introduced: 1973(1971)

Organic compounds that primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with the carbon atoms forming a linear or circular structure.

Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen where no carbon atoms join to form a ring structure.

Year introduced: 1998

Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.

Year introduced: 1998

Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen forming a closed ring that may be either alicyclic or aromatic.

Year introduced: 1998

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Year introduced: 1998

Uses of chemicals which affect the course of conditions, diseases, syndromes or pathology to benefit the health of an individual.

Year introduced: 2004

A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).

Year introduced: 1979

A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into specific agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and nonspecific agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)

Year introduced: 1979