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Toxic shock syndrome

MedGen UID:
109414
•Concept ID:
C0600327
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Shock Syndrome, Toxic; Shock, Toxic; Toxic Shock; Toxic Shock Syndrome; Toxic Shock Syndromes
SNOMED CT: TSS - Toxic shock syndrome (18504008); Toxic shock syndrome (18504008); Gram-positive septic shock (18504008)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001881
Orphanet: ORPHA36234

Definition

Bacterial toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal, acute disease characterized by a sudden onset of high fever along with nausea, myalgia, vomiting and multisystem organ involvement, potentially leading to shock and death. TSS is mediated by superantigenic toxins, usually caused by an infection with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in staphylococcal TSS (see this term) or <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> in streptococcal TSS (see this term). [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVToxic shock syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

ICU Management of Invasive β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections.
Babiker A, Kadri SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Dec;36(4):861-887. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.007. PMID: 36328640
Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review.
Burnham JP, Kollef MH
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Apr;31(2):113-119. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000431. PMID: 29278528Free PMC Article
Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment.
Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N
J Infect 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S147-S152. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30206-2. PMID: 28646955

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Streptococcal infection and autoimmune diseases.
Ohashi A, Murayama MA, Miyabe Y, Yudoh K, Miyabe C
Front Immunol 2024;15:1361123. Epub 2024 Feb 23 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361123. PMID: 38464518Free PMC Article
Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
ICU Management of Invasive β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections.
Babiker A, Kadri SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Dec;36(4):861-887. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.007. PMID: 36328640
Device-Associated Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Schlievert PM, Davis CC
Clin Microbiol Rev 2020 Jun 17;33(3) Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1128/CMR.00032-19. PMID: 32461307Free PMC Article
Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment.
Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N
J Infect 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S147-S152. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30206-2. PMID: 28646955

Diagnosis

Kawasaki Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Common Inflammatory Pathways of Two Distinct Diseases.
Noval Rivas M, Arditi M
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023 Aug;49(3):647-659. Epub 2023 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.03.002. PMID: 37331738Free PMC Article
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment.
Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N
J Infect 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S147-S152. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30206-2. PMID: 28646955
Toxic shock syndrome.
Findlay RF, Odom RB
Int J Dermatol 1982 Apr;21(3):117-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1982.tb02052.x. PMID: 7044996
Toxic shock syndrome.
Martin DW Jr, Naughton JL, Smith LH Jr
West J Med 1981 Nov;135(5):383-8. PMID: 7041429Free PMC Article

Therapy

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Device-Associated Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Schlievert PM, Davis CC
Clin Microbiol Rev 2020 Jun 17;33(3) Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1128/CMR.00032-19. PMID: 32461307Free PMC Article
Polyspecific Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Clindamycin-treated Patients With Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Parks T, Wilson C, Curtis N, Norrby-Teglund A, Sriskandan S
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1434-1436. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy401. PMID: 29788397Free PMC Article
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Toxic shock syndrome.
Martin DW Jr, Naughton JL, Smith LH Jr
West J Med 1981 Nov;135(5):383-8. PMID: 7041429Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review.
Burnham JP, Kollef MH
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Apr;31(2):113-119. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000431. PMID: 29278528Free PMC Article
Toxic shock syndrome.
Dass R, Nishad P, Singhi S
Indian J Pediatr 2004 May;71(5):433-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02725635. PMID: 15163875
Vasculitis.
Smith JG Jr
J Dermatol 1995 Nov;22(11):812-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1995.tb03929.x. PMID: 8557852

Clinical prediction guides

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Distinguishing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children From COVID-19, Kawasaki Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Godfred-Cato S, Abrams JY, Balachandran N, Jaggi P, Jones K, Rostad CA, Lu AT, Fan L, Jabbar A, Anderson EJ, Kao CM, Hunstad DA, Rosenberg RB, Zafferani MJ, Ede KC, Ballan W, Laham FR, Beltran Y, Bryant B, Meng L, Hammett TA, Oster ME, Bamrah Morris S, Belay ED
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 Apr 1;41(4):315-323. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003449. PMID: 35093995Free PMC Article
Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review.
Burnham JP, Kollef MH
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Apr;31(2):113-119. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000431. PMID: 29278528Free PMC Article
Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Darenberg J, Ihendyane N, Sjölin J, Aufwerber E, Haidl S, Follin P, Andersson J, Norrby-Teglund A; StreptIg Study Group
Clin Infect Dis 2003 Aug 1;37(3):333-40. Epub 2003 Jul 17 doi: 10.1086/376630. PMID: 12884156
Toxic shock syndrome.
Todd JK
Clin Microbiol Rev 1988 Oct;1(4):432-46. doi: 10.1128/CMR.1.4.432. PMID: 3069202Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Outcomes and management of pregnancy and puerperal group A streptococcal infections: A systematic review.
Harris K, Proctor LK, Shinar S, Philippopoulos E, Yudin MH, Murphy KE
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023 Feb;102(2):138-157. Epub 2023 Jan 12 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14500. PMID: 36636775Free PMC Article
Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Acceptability and safety of the menstrual cup: A systematic review of the literature.
Arenas-Gallo C, Ramírez-Rocha G, González-Hakspiel L, Merlano-Alcendra C, Palomino-Suárez D, Rueda-Espinel S
Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 2020 Jun;71(2):163-177. doi: 10.18597/rcog.3425. PMID: 32770872
Menstrual cup use, leakage, acceptability, safety, and availability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
van Eijk AM, Zulaika G, Lenchner M, Mason L, Sivakami M, Nyothach E, Unger H, Laserson K, Phillips-Howard PA
Lancet Public Health 2019 Aug;4(8):e376-e393. Epub 2019 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30111-2. PMID: 31324419Free PMC Article
Polyspecific Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Clindamycin-treated Patients With Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Parks T, Wilson C, Curtis N, Norrby-Teglund A, Sriskandan S
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1434-1436. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy401. PMID: 29788397Free PMC Article

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