MedGen

Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). [from HPO]

Although nails appear normal at birth, dystrophic changes develop within the first decade of life, resulting in onycholysis of fingernails and anonychia of toenails (summary by Rafiq et al., 2004). This disorder is referred to here as nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder-9 (NDNC9). For a list of other nonsyndromic congenital nail disorders and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity, see NDNC1 (161050). [from OMIM]

An autoimmune, connective tissue chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and the peripheral blood cells. It is more commonly seen in women than men. Variants include discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. [from NCI]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface molecules that transcend organ-specific boundaries. Tissue deposition of antibodies or immune complexes induces inflammation and subsequent injury of multiple organs and finally results in clinical manifestations of SLE, including glomerulonephritis, dermatitis, thrombosis, vasculitis, seizures, and arthritis. Evidence strongly suggests the involvement of genetic components in SLE susceptibility (summary by Oishi et al., 2008). Genetic Heterogeneity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus An autosomal recessive form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLEB16; 614420) is caused by mutation in the DNASE1L3 gene (602244) on chromosome 3p14.3. An X-linked dominant form of SLE (SLEB17; 301080) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the TLR7 gene (300365) on chromosome Xp22. See MAPPING and MOLECULAR GENETICS sections for a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to SLE. [from OMIM]

The occurrence of an immune reaction against the organism's own cells or tissues. [from HPO]

A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis). [from NCI]

A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation. [from NCI]

A type of hypothyroidism that results from a defect in thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity. [from HPO]

Peripheral neuropathy-myopathy-hoarseness-hearing loss syndrome is a rare, syndromic genetic deafness characterized by a combination of muscle weakness, chronic neuropathic and myopathic features, hoarseness and sensorineural hearing loss. A wide range of disease onset and severity has been reported even within the same family. [from ORDO]

Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS) is a rare developmental phenotype characterized by the combination of hypertelorism, broad nose with large tip and prominent root, congenital nonmyopathic ptosis, ridged metopic suture, arched eyebrows, iris or retinal coloboma, sensorineural deafness, shoulder girdle muscle bulk and progressive joint stiffness, and pachygyria with anteroposterior severity gradient, rarely lissencephaly or neuronal heterotopia. Cleft lip and palate, hallux duplex, congenital heart defects and renal tract anomalies are seen in some cases. Microcephaly may develop with time. Early muscular involvement, occasionally with congenital arthrogryposis, may be present. Intellectual disability and epilepsy are variable in severity and largely correlate with central nervous system anomalies (summary by Verloes et al., 2015). Di Donato et al. (2014) and Verloes et al. (2015) suggested that BRWS, Fryns-Aftimos syndrome, and cerebrofrontofacial syndrome represent the same clinical entity. The phenotype is highly variable (summary by Cuvertino et al., 2017). Genetic Heterogeneity of Baraitser-Winter Syndrome Baraitser-Winter syndrome-2 (BRWS2; 614583) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the ACTG1 gene (102560) on chromosome 17q25. [from OMIM]

A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome with characteristics of wormian bones, dextrocardia and short stature due to a growth hormone deficiency. Additional manifestations that have been reported include brachycamptodactyly, kidney hypoplasia, bilateral cryptorchidism, midshaft hypospadias, imperforate anus/anorectal agenesis, body asymmetry, mild developmental delay, hemimegalencephaly and facial dysmorphism, such as hypotelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set and posteriorly angulated ears, depressed nasal bridge and microstomia. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Syndrome with characteristics of precocious obesity, congenital hypothyroidism, neonatal colitis, cardiac hypertrophy, craniosynostosis and developmental delay. It has been described in two brothers, one of who died within the first month of life. The parents of the two children were nonconsanguineous and in good health however the pregnancies were complicated by maternal HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets). The mode of inheritance has not yet been clearly established. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by onset of recurrent flares of autoinflammation in early infancy. Affected individuals tend to have poor overall growth and gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy associated with laboratory evidence of activated inflammation. This initial presentation is followed by recurrent febrile episodes with splenomegaly and sometimes hematologic disturbances, arthralgias, or myalgias. The disorder results from overactivation of an arm of the immune response system (Romberg et al., 2014; Canna et al., 2014). [from OMIM]

Bone marrow failure syndrome-2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by trilineage bone marrow failure, learning disabilities, and microcephaly. Cutaneous features and increased chromosome breakage are not features (Tummala et al., 2014). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of BMFS, see BMFS1 (614675). [from OMIM]

Autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder-41 (MRT41) is characterized by macrocephaly and global developmental delay. Some patients have seizures (Baple et al., 2014). [from OMIM]