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Cerebellar ataxia-hypogonadism syndrome(GDHS; CAHH)

MedGen UID:
349137
Concept ID:
C1859305
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Cerebellar ataxia hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Gordon Holmes syndrome; LHRH DEFICIENCY AND ATAXIA; Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, deficiency of with ataxia
SNOMED CT: Progressive cerebellar ataxia with hypogonadism (230240004); Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone deficiency with ataxia (230240004); Gordon Holmes syndrome (230240004)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): RNF216 (7p22.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0008935
OMIM®: 212840
Orphanet: ORPHA1173

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: PNPLA6 Disorders
PNPLA6 disorders span a phenotypic continuum characterized by variable combinations of cerebellar ataxia; upper motor neuron involvement manifesting as spasticity and/or brisk reflexes; chorioretinal dystrophy associated with variable degrees of reduced visual function; and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (delayed puberty and lack of secondary sex characteristics). The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs either in isolation or as part of anterior hypopituitarism (growth hormone, thyroid hormone, or gonadotropin deficiencies). Common but less frequent features are peripheral neuropathy (usually of axonal type manifesting as reduced distal reflexes, diminished vibratory sensation, and/or distal muscle wasting); hair anomalies (long eyelashes, bushy eyebrows, or scalp alopecia); short stature; and impaired cognitive functioning (learning disabilities in children; deficits in attention, visuospatial abilities, and recall in adults). Some of these features can occur in distinct clusters on the phenotypic continuum: Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome (cerebellar ataxia, chorioretinal dystrophy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism); Gordon Holmes syndrome (cerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and – to a variable degree – brisk reflexes); Oliver-McFarlane syndrome (trichomegaly, chorioretinal dystrophy, short stature, intellectual disability, and hypopituitarism); Laurence-Moon syndrome; and spastic paraplegia type 39 (SPG39) (upper motor neuron involvement, peripheral neuropathy, and sometimes reduced cognitive functioning and/or cerebellar ataxia). [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Matthis Synofzik  |  Robert B Hufnagel  |  Stephan Züchner   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Gordon Holmes syndrome (GDHS) is an autosomal recessive adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, dementia, and variable movement disorders, such as ataxia and chorea. The neurologic phenotype is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (summary by Santens et al., 2015).  http://www.omim.org/entry/212840
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Gordon Holmes syndrome is a rare condition characterized by reproductive and neurological problems. One of the key features of the condition is reduced production of hormones that direct sexual development (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). Many affected individuals have a delay in development of the typical signs of puberty, such as the growth of facial hair and deepening of the voice in males, and the start of monthly periods (menstruation) and breast development in females. Some never undergo puberty. While some people with Gordon Holmes syndrome seem to have normal puberty, they develop other problems with the reproductive system later in life.

In early adulthood, individuals with Gordon Holmes syndrome develop neurological problems, usually beginning with speech difficulties (dysarthria). As the condition worsens, affected individuals have problems with balance and coordination (cerebellar ataxia), often leading to difficulties with activities of daily living and a need for wheelchair assistance. Some affected individuals also develop memory problems and a decline in intellectual function (dementia).  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gordon-holmes-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Oligomenorrhea
MedGen UID:
18159
Concept ID:
C0028949
Pathologic Function
Infrequent menses (less than 6 per year or more than 35 days between cycles).
Primary amenorrhea
MedGen UID:
115918
Concept ID:
C0232939
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormally late or absent menarche in a female with normal secondary sexual characteristics.
Secondary amenorrhea
MedGen UID:
115919
Concept ID:
C0232940
Disease or Syndrome
The cessation of menstruation for six months or more in a female that is not pregnant, breastfeeding or menopausal.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Chorea
MedGen UID:
3420
Concept ID:
C0008489
Disease or Syndrome
Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.
Dysarthria
MedGen UID:
8510
Concept ID:
C0013362
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Dementia
MedGen UID:
99229
Concept ID:
C0497327
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
MedGen UID:
82883
Concept ID:
C0271623
Disease or Syndrome
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by reduced function of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females) and results from the absence of the gonadal stimulating pituitary hormones
Absence of pubertal development
MedGen UID:
375841
Concept ID:
C1846228
Finding
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCerebellar ataxia-hypogonadism syndrome

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Emekli AS, Samanci B, Şimşir G, Hanagasi HA, Gürvit H, Bilgiç B, Başak AN
Neurol Sci 2021 Apr;42(4):1535-1539. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04869-6. PMID: 33210227

Diagnosis

Liampas A, Nicolaou P, Votsi C, Georghiou A, Christodoulou K, Tanteles GA, Pantzaris M
Mol Biol Rep 2024 Apr 29;51(1):590. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09515-4. PMID: 38683245
Emekli AS, Samanci B, Şimşir G, Hanagasi HA, Gürvit H, Bilgiç B, Başak AN
Neurol Sci 2021 Apr;42(4):1535-1539. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04869-6. PMID: 33210227
Langdahl JH, Frederiksen AL, Nguyen N, Brusgaard K, Juhl CB
Eur J Med Genet 2017 Feb;60(2):105-109. Epub 2016 Nov 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.11.003. PMID: 27866050
Erdem E, Kiratli H, Erbaş T, Varli K, Eldem B, Akalin S, Tan E, Topaloglu H, Gedikoglu G
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1994 Feb;96(1):86-91. doi: 10.1016/0303-8467(94)90036-1. PMID: 8187389

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