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Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 6

MedGen UID:
977588
•Concept ID:
CN293401
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy 6; SCN1A-Related Intractable Childhood Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures; SCN1A-Related Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy
 
Gene (location): SCN1A (2q24.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0100079

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: SCN1A Seizure Disorders
SCN1A seizure disorders encompass a spectrum that ranges from simple febrile seizures and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) at the mild end to Dravet syndrome and intractable childhood epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (ICE-GTC) at the severe end. Phenotypes with intractable seizures including Dravet syndrome are often associated with cognitive decline. Less commonly observed phenotypes include myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, infantile spasms, epilepsy with focal seizures, and vaccine-related encephalopathy and seizures. The phenotype of SCN1A seizure disorders can vary even within the same family. [from GeneReviews]
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary  |  GeneReview Scope  |  Diagnosis  |  Clinical Characteristics  |  Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders  |  Differential Diagnosis  |  Management  |  Genetic Counseling  |  Resources  |  Molecular Genetics  |  Chapter Notes  |  References
Authors:
Ian O Miller  |  Marcio A Sotero de Menezes   view full author information

Professional guidelines

PubMed

ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, Pressler R, Auvin S, Samia P, Hirsch E, Galicchio S, Triki C, Snead OC, Wiebe S, Cross JH, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1349-1397. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17239. PMID: 35503712
CDKL5 deficiency disorder: clinical features, diagnosis, and management.
Leonard H, Downs J, Benke TA, Swanson L, Olson H, Demarest S
Lancet Neurol 2022 Jun;21(6):563-576. Epub 2022 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00035-7. PMID: 35483386Free PMC Article
Perinatal Stroke: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management.
Srivastava R, Kirton A
Neoreviews 2021 Mar;22(3):e163-e176. doi: 10.1542/neo.22-3-e163. PMID: 33649089

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, Pressler R, Auvin S, Samia P, Hirsch E, Galicchio S, Triki C, Snead OC, Wiebe S, Cross JH, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1349-1397. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17239. PMID: 35503712
Developmental and epilepsy spectrum of KCNB1 encephalopathy with long-term outcome.
Bar C, Kuchenbuch M, Barcia G, Schneider A, Jennesson M, Le Guyader G, Lesca G, Mignot C, Montomoli M, Parrini E, Isnard H, Rolland A, Keren B, Afenjar A, Dorison N, Sadleir LG, Breuillard D, Levy R, Rio M, Dupont S, Negrin S, Danieli A, Scalais E, De Saint Martin A, El Chehadeh S, Chelly J, Poisson A, Lebre AS, Nica A, Odent S, Sekhara T, Brankovic V, Goldenberg A, Vrielynck P, Lederer D, Maurey H, Terrone G, Besmond C, Hubert L, Berquin P, Billette de Villemeur T, Isidor B, Freeman JL, Mefford HC, Myers CT, Howell KB, Rodríguez-Sacristán Cascajo A, Meyer P, Genevieve D, Guët A, Doummar D, Durigneux J, van Dooren MF, de Wit MCY, Gerard M, Marey I, Munnich A, Guerrini R, Scheffer IE, Kabashi E, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2020 Nov;61(11):2461-2473. Epub 2020 Sep 21 doi: 10.1111/epi.16679. PMID: 32954514
High Rate of Recurrent De Novo Mutations in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Hamdan FF, Myers CT, Cossette P, Lemay P, Spiegelman D, Laporte AD, Nassif C, Diallo O, Monlong J, Cadieux-Dion M, Dobrzeniecka S, Meloche C, Retterer K, Cho MT, Rosenfeld JA, Bi W, Massicotte C, Miguet M, Brunga L, Regan BM, Mo K, Tam C, Schneider A, Hollingsworth G; Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, FitzPatrick DR, Donaldson A, Canham N, Blair E, Kerr B, Fry AE, Thomas RH, Shelagh J, Hurst JA, Brittain H, Blyth M, Lebel RR, Gerkes EH, Davis-Keppen L, Stein Q, Chung WK, Dorison SJ, Benke PJ, Fassi E, Corsten-Janssen N, Kamsteeg EJ, Mau-Them FT, Bruel AL, Verloes A, Õunap K, Wojcik MH, Albert DVF, Venkateswaran S, Ware T, Jones D, Liu YC, Mohammad SS, Bizargity P, Bacino CA, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Blumkin L, Wierenga KJ, Purcarin G, O'Byrne JJ, Stockler S, Lehman A, Keren B, Nougues MC, Mignot C, Auvin S, Nava C, Hiatt SM, Bebin M, Shao Y, Scaglia F, Lalani SR, Frye RE, Jarjour IT, Jacques S, Boucher RM, Riou E, Srour M, Carmant L, Lortie A, Major P, Diadori P, Dubeau F, D'Anjou G, Bourque G, Berkovic SF, Sadleir LG, Campeau PM, Kibar Z, Lafrenière RG, Girard SL, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Boelman C, Rouleau GA, Scheffer IE, Mefford HC, Andrade DM, Rossignol E, Minassian BA, Michaud JL
Am J Hum Genet 2017 Nov 2;101(5):664-685. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.008. PMID: 29100083Free PMC Article
Infections, inflammation and epilepsy.
Vezzani A, Fujinami RS, White HS, Preux PM, Blümcke I, Sander JW, Löscher W
Acta Neuropathol 2016 Feb;131(2):211-234. Epub 2015 Sep 30 doi: 10.1007/s00401-015-1481-5. PMID: 26423537Free PMC Article
The etiologic classification of epilepsy.
Shorvon SD
Epilepsia 2011 Jun;52(6):1052-7. Epub 2011 Mar 30 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03041.x. PMID: 21449936

Diagnosis

ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, Pressler R, Auvin S, Samia P, Hirsch E, Galicchio S, Triki C, Snead OC, Wiebe S, Cross JH, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1349-1397. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17239. PMID: 35503712
CDKL5 deficiency disorder: clinical features, diagnosis, and management.
Leonard H, Downs J, Benke TA, Swanson L, Olson H, Demarest S
Lancet Neurol 2022 Jun;21(6):563-576. Epub 2022 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00035-7. PMID: 35483386Free PMC Article
SCN8A Epilepsy, Developmental Encephalopathy, and Related Disorders.
Talwar D, Hammer MF
Pediatr Neurol 2021 Sep;122:76-83. Epub 2021 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.011. PMID: 34353676
High Rate of Recurrent De Novo Mutations in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Hamdan FF, Myers CT, Cossette P, Lemay P, Spiegelman D, Laporte AD, Nassif C, Diallo O, Monlong J, Cadieux-Dion M, Dobrzeniecka S, Meloche C, Retterer K, Cho MT, Rosenfeld JA, Bi W, Massicotte C, Miguet M, Brunga L, Regan BM, Mo K, Tam C, Schneider A, Hollingsworth G; Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, FitzPatrick DR, Donaldson A, Canham N, Blair E, Kerr B, Fry AE, Thomas RH, Shelagh J, Hurst JA, Brittain H, Blyth M, Lebel RR, Gerkes EH, Davis-Keppen L, Stein Q, Chung WK, Dorison SJ, Benke PJ, Fassi E, Corsten-Janssen N, Kamsteeg EJ, Mau-Them FT, Bruel AL, Verloes A, Õunap K, Wojcik MH, Albert DVF, Venkateswaran S, Ware T, Jones D, Liu YC, Mohammad SS, Bizargity P, Bacino CA, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Blumkin L, Wierenga KJ, Purcarin G, O'Byrne JJ, Stockler S, Lehman A, Keren B, Nougues MC, Mignot C, Auvin S, Nava C, Hiatt SM, Bebin M, Shao Y, Scaglia F, Lalani SR, Frye RE, Jarjour IT, Jacques S, Boucher RM, Riou E, Srour M, Carmant L, Lortie A, Major P, Diadori P, Dubeau F, D'Anjou G, Bourque G, Berkovic SF, Sadleir LG, Campeau PM, Kibar Z, Lafrenière RG, Girard SL, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Boelman C, Rouleau GA, Scheffer IE, Mefford HC, Andrade DM, Rossignol E, Minassian BA, Michaud JL
Am J Hum Genet 2017 Nov 2;101(5):664-685. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.008. PMID: 29100083Free PMC Article
TBC1D24 genotype-phenotype correlation: Epilepsies and other neurologic features.
Balestrini S, Milh M, Castiglioni C, Lüthy K, Finelli MJ, Verstreken P, Cardon A, Stražišar BG, Holder JL Jr, Lesca G, Mancardi MM, Poulat AL, Repetto GM, Banka S, Bilo L, Birkeland LE, Bosch F, Brockmann K, Cross JH, Doummar D, Félix TM, Giuliano F, Hori M, Hüning I, Kayserili H, Kini U, Lees MM, Meenakshi G, Mewasingh L, Pagnamenta AT, Peluso S, Mey A, Rice GM, Rosenfeld JA, Taylor JC, Troester MM, Stanley CM, Ville D, Walkiewicz M, Falace A, Fassio A, Lemke JR, Biskup S, Tardif J, Ajeawung NF, Tolun A, Corbett M, Gecz J, Afawi Z, Howell KB, Oliver KL, Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE, de Falco FA, Oliver PL, Striano P, Zara F, Campeau PM, Sisodiya SM
Neurology 2016 Jul 5;87(1):77-85. Epub 2016 Jun 8 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002807. PMID: 27281533Free PMC Article

Therapy

Delineating clinical and developmental outcomes in STXBP1-related disorders.
Xian J, Thalwitzer KM, McKee J, Sullivan KR, Brimble E, Fitch E, Toib J, Kaufman MC, deCampo D, Cunningham K, Pierce SR, Goss J, Rigby CS, Syrbe S, Boland M, Prosser B, Fitter N, Ruggiero SM, Helbig I
Brain 2023 Dec 1;146(12):5182-5197. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad287. PMID: 38015929Free PMC Article
ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, Pressler R, Auvin S, Samia P, Hirsch E, Galicchio S, Triki C, Snead OC, Wiebe S, Cross JH, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1349-1397. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17239. PMID: 35503712
Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Knupp KG, Scheffer IE, Ceulemans B, Sullivan JE, Nickels KC, Lagae L, Guerrini R, Zuberi SM, Nabbout R, Riney K, Shore S, Agarwal A, Lock M, Farfel GM, Galer BS, Gammaitoni AR, Davis R, Gil-Nagel A
JAMA Neurol 2022 Jun 1;79(6):554-564. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0829. PMID: 35499850Free PMC Article
Genotype-phenotype correlations in SCN8A-related disorders reveal prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Johannesen KM, Liu Y, Koko M, Gjerulfsen CE, Sonnenberg L, Schubert J, Fenger CD, Eltokhi A, Rannap M, Koch NA, Lauxmann S, Krüger J, Kegele J, Canafoglia L, Franceschetti S, Mayer T, Rebstock J, Zacher P, Ruf S, Alber M, Sterbova K, Lassuthová P, Vlckova M, Lemke JR, Platzer K, Krey I, Heine C, Wieczorek D, Kroell-Seger J, Lund C, Klein KM, Au PYB, Rho JM, Ho AW, Masnada S, Veggiotti P, Giordano L, Accorsi P, Hoei-Hansen CE, Striano P, Zara F, Verhelst H, Verhoeven JS, Braakman HMH, van der Zwaag B, Harder AVE, Brilstra E, Pendziwiat M, Lebon S, Vaccarezza M, Le NM, Christensen J, Grønborg S, Scherer SW, Howe J, Fazeli W, Howell KB, Leventer R, Stutterd C, Walsh S, Gerard M, Gerard B, Matricardi S, Bonardi CM, Sartori S, Berger A, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Mastrangelo M, Darra F, Vøllo A, Motazacker MM, Lakeman P, Nizon M, Betzler C, Altuzarra C, Caume R, Roubertie A, Gélisse P, Marini C, Guerrini R, Bilan F, Tibussek D, Koch-Hogrebe M, Perry MS, Ichikawa S, Dadali E, Sharkov A, Mishina I, Abramov M, Kanivets I, Korostelev S, Kutsev S, Wain KE, Eisenhauer N, Wagner M, Savatt JM, Müller-Schlüter K, Bassan H, Borovikov A, Nassogne MC, Destrée A, Schoonjans AS, Meuwissen M, Buzatu M, Jansen A, Scalais E, Srivastava S, Tan WH, Olson HE, Loddenkemper T, Poduri A, Helbig KL, Helbig I, Fitzgerald MP, Goldberg EM, Roser T, Borggraefe I, Brünger T, May P, Lal D, Lederer D, Rubboli G, Heyne HO, Lesca G, Hedrich UBS, Benda J, Gardella E, Lerche H, Møller RS
Brain 2022 Sep 14;145(9):2991-3009. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab321. PMID: 34431999Free PMC Article
Fenfluramine hydrochloride for the treatment of seizures in Dravet syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Lagae L, Sullivan J, Knupp K, Laux L, Polster T, Nikanorova M, Devinsky O, Cross JH, Guerrini R, Talwar D, Miller I, Farfel G, Galer BS, Gammaitoni A, Mistry A, Morrison G, Lock M, Agarwal A, Lai WW, Ceulemans B; FAiRE DS Study Group
Lancet 2019 Dec 21;394(10216):2243-2254. Epub 2019 Dec 17 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32500-0. PMID: 31862249

Prognosis

International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Riney K, Samia P, Guerreiro M, Gwer S, Zuberi SM, Wilmshurst JM, Yozawitz E, Pressler R, Hirsch E, Wiebe S, Cross HJ, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Tinuper P, Auvin S
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1398-1442. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17241. PMID: 35503717
ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, Pressler R, Auvin S, Samia P, Hirsch E, Galicchio S, Triki C, Snead OC, Wiebe S, Cross JH, Tinuper P, Scheffer IE, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1349-1397. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17239. PMID: 35503712
SCN8A Epilepsy, Developmental Encephalopathy, and Related Disorders.
Talwar D, Hammer MF
Pediatr Neurol 2021 Sep;122:76-83. Epub 2021 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.011. PMID: 34353676
Developmental and epilepsy spectrum of KCNB1 encephalopathy with long-term outcome.
Bar C, Kuchenbuch M, Barcia G, Schneider A, Jennesson M, Le Guyader G, Lesca G, Mignot C, Montomoli M, Parrini E, Isnard H, Rolland A, Keren B, Afenjar A, Dorison N, Sadleir LG, Breuillard D, Levy R, Rio M, Dupont S, Negrin S, Danieli A, Scalais E, De Saint Martin A, El Chehadeh S, Chelly J, Poisson A, Lebre AS, Nica A, Odent S, Sekhara T, Brankovic V, Goldenberg A, Vrielynck P, Lederer D, Maurey H, Terrone G, Besmond C, Hubert L, Berquin P, Billette de Villemeur T, Isidor B, Freeman JL, Mefford HC, Myers CT, Howell KB, Rodríguez-Sacristán Cascajo A, Meyer P, Genevieve D, Guët A, Doummar D, Durigneux J, van Dooren MF, de Wit MCY, Gerard M, Marey I, Munnich A, Guerrini R, Scheffer IE, Kabashi E, Nabbout R
Epilepsia 2020 Nov;61(11):2461-2473. Epub 2020 Sep 21 doi: 10.1111/epi.16679. PMID: 32954514
The etiologic classification of epilepsy.
Shorvon SD
Epilepsia 2011 Jun;52(6):1052-7. Epub 2011 Mar 30 doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03041.x. PMID: 21449936

Clinical prediction guides

Delineating clinical and developmental outcomes in STXBP1-related disorders.
Xian J, Thalwitzer KM, McKee J, Sullivan KR, Brimble E, Fitch E, Toib J, Kaufman MC, deCampo D, Cunningham K, Pierce SR, Goss J, Rigby CS, Syrbe S, Boland M, Prosser B, Fitter N, Ruggiero SM, Helbig I
Brain 2023 Dec 1;146(12):5182-5197. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad287. PMID: 38015929Free PMC Article
Genotype-phenotype correlations in RHOBTB2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
Langhammer F, Maroofian R, Badar R, Gregor A, Rochman M, Ratliff JB, Koopmans M, Herget T, Hempel M, Kortüm F, Heron D, Mignot C, Keren B, Brooks S, Botti C, Ben-Zeev B, Argilli E, Sherr EH, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Salih MA, Kuechler A, Muller EA, Blocker K, Kuismin O, Park KL, Kochhar A, Brown K, Ramanathan S, Clark RD, Elgizouli M, Melikishvili G, Tabatadze N, Stark Z, Mirzaa GM, Ong J, Grasshoff U, Bevot A, von Wintzingerode L, Jamra RA, Hennig Y, Goldenberg P, Al Alam C, Charif M, Boulouiz R, Bellaoui M, Amrani R, Al Mutairi F, Tamim AM, Abdulwahab F, Alkuraya FS, Khouj EM, Alvi JR, Sultan T, Hashemi N, Karimiani EG, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Sticht H, Zweier C
Genet Med 2023 Aug;25(8):100885. Epub 2023 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100885. PMID: 37165955
SCN8A Epilepsy, Developmental Encephalopathy, and Related Disorders.
Talwar D, Hammer MF
Pediatr Neurol 2021 Sep;122:76-83. Epub 2021 Aug 3 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.011. PMID: 34353676
GRIN2A-related disorders: genotype and functional consequence predict phenotype.
Strehlow V, Heyne HO, Vlaskamp DRM, Marwick KFM, Rudolf G, de Bellescize J, Biskup S, Brilstra EH, Brouwer OF, Callenbach PMC, Hentschel J, Hirsch E, Kind PC, Mignot C, Platzer K, Rump P, Skehel PA, Wyllie DJA, Hardingham GE, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Lesca G, Lemke JR; GRIN2A study group
Brain 2019 Jan 1;142(1):80-92. doi: 10.1093/brain/awy304. PMID: 30544257Free PMC Article
High Rate of Recurrent De Novo Mutations in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies.
Hamdan FF, Myers CT, Cossette P, Lemay P, Spiegelman D, Laporte AD, Nassif C, Diallo O, Monlong J, Cadieux-Dion M, Dobrzeniecka S, Meloche C, Retterer K, Cho MT, Rosenfeld JA, Bi W, Massicotte C, Miguet M, Brunga L, Regan BM, Mo K, Tam C, Schneider A, Hollingsworth G; Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, FitzPatrick DR, Donaldson A, Canham N, Blair E, Kerr B, Fry AE, Thomas RH, Shelagh J, Hurst JA, Brittain H, Blyth M, Lebel RR, Gerkes EH, Davis-Keppen L, Stein Q, Chung WK, Dorison SJ, Benke PJ, Fassi E, Corsten-Janssen N, Kamsteeg EJ, Mau-Them FT, Bruel AL, Verloes A, Õunap K, Wojcik MH, Albert DVF, Venkateswaran S, Ware T, Jones D, Liu YC, Mohammad SS, Bizargity P, Bacino CA, Leuzzi V, Martinelli S, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Blumkin L, Wierenga KJ, Purcarin G, O'Byrne JJ, Stockler S, Lehman A, Keren B, Nougues MC, Mignot C, Auvin S, Nava C, Hiatt SM, Bebin M, Shao Y, Scaglia F, Lalani SR, Frye RE, Jarjour IT, Jacques S, Boucher RM, Riou E, Srour M, Carmant L, Lortie A, Major P, Diadori P, Dubeau F, D'Anjou G, Bourque G, Berkovic SF, Sadleir LG, Campeau PM, Kibar Z, Lafrenière RG, Girard SL, Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Boelman C, Rouleau GA, Scheffer IE, Mefford HC, Andrade DM, Rossignol E, Minassian BA, Michaud JL
Am J Hum Genet 2017 Nov 2;101(5):664-685. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.008. PMID: 29100083Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic literature review on the global epidemiology of Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Prevalence, incidence, diagnosis, and mortality.
Sullivan J, Benítez A, Roth J, Andrews JS, Shah D, Butcher E, Jones A, Cross JH
Epilepsia 2024 May;65(5):1240-1263. Epub 2024 Jan 22 doi: 10.1111/epi.17866. PMID: 38252068
Clinical and epilepsy characteristics in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p-): A review.
Paprocka J, Kaminiów K, Yetkin O, Tekturk P, Baykan B, Leiz S, Kluger G, Striano P
Seizure 2024 Mar;116:14-23. Epub 2022 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.12.001. PMID: 36526544
Breastfeeding while on treatment with antiseizure medications: a systematic review from the ILAE Women Task Force.
Tomson T, Battino D, Bromley R, Kochen S, Meador KJ, Pennell PB, Thomas SV
Epileptic Disord 2022 Dec 1;24(6):1020-1032. doi: 10.1684/epd.2022.1492. PMID: 36193017
Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children.
McTague A, Martland T, Appleton R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Jan 10;1(1):CD001905. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001905.pub3. PMID: 29320603Free PMC Article
Epilepsy-related clinical characteristics and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nevalainen O, Ansakorpi H, Simola M, Raitanen J, Isojärvi J, Artama M, Auvinen A
Neurology 2014 Nov 18;83(21):1968-77. Epub 2014 Oct 22 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001005. PMID: 25339211

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