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Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2

MedGen UID:
1789263
Concept ID:
C5551172
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY; HYPOALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA, PRIMARY, 2, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
 
Gene (location): APOA1 (11q23.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0032766
OMIM®: 618463

Definition

Primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia-2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunctional apoA-I production, resulting in undetectable levels of apoA-I in serum and in markedly low levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The disorder is associated with extensive atherosclerosis, xanthomas, and corneal opacities (summary by Tanaka et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia, see 604091. [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Premature coronary artery atherosclerosis
MedGen UID:
356830
Concept ID:
C1867743
Disease or Syndrome
Reduction of the diameter of the coronary arteries as the result of an accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the coronary arteries before age of 45.
Tendon xanthomatosis
MedGen UID:
450999
Concept ID:
C0221253
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of xanthomas (intra-and extra-cellular accumulations of cholesterol) extensor tendons (typically over knuckles, Achilles tendon, knee, and elbows).
Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration
MedGen UID:
57731
Concept ID:
C0151691
Finding
An decreased concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.
Arcus senilis
MedGen UID:
8179
Concept ID:
C0003742
Finding
A hazy, grayish-white ring about 2 mm in width located close to but separated from the limbus (the corneoscleral junction). Corneal arcus generally occurs bilaterally, and is related to lipid deposition in the cornea. Corneal arcus can occur in elderly persons as a part of the aging process but may be associated with hypercholesterolemia in people under the age of 50 years.
Cataract
MedGen UID:
39462
Concept ID:
C0086543
Disease or Syndrome
A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Schaefer EJ, Anthanont P, Diffenderfer MR, Polisecki E, Asztalos BF
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016 Sep-Oct;59(2):97-106. Epub 2016 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.006. PMID: 27565770Free PMC Article
Shamburek RD, Bakker-Arkema R, Auerbach BJ, Krause BR, Homan R, Amar MJ, Freeman LA, Remaley AT
J Clin Lipidol 2016 Mar-Apr;10(2):356-67. Epub 2015 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.007. PMID: 27055967Free PMC Article
Kwiterovich PO Jr
Pediatr Clin North Am 1990 Dec;37(6):1489-523. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)37021-3. PMID: 2259550

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mszar R, Webb GB, Kulkarni VT, Ahmad Z, Soffer D
Med Clin North Am 2022 Mar;106(2):325-348. Epub 2022 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.009. PMID: 35227434
Hooper AJ, Hegele RA, Burnett JR
Curr Opin Lipidol 2020 Apr;31(2):80-84. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000669. PMID: 32022754
Calabresi L, Simonelli S, Gomaraschi M, Franceschini G
Atherosclerosis 2012 Jun;222(2):299-306. Epub 2011 Nov 28 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.034. PMID: 22189200
Soumian S, Albrecht C, Davies AH, Gibbs RG
Vasc Med 2005 May;10(2):109-19. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm593ra. PMID: 16013195
Hovingh GK, de Groot E, van der Steeg W, Boekholdt SM, Hutten BA, Kuivenhoven JA, Kastelein JJ
Curr Opin Lipidol 2005 Apr;16(2):139-45. doi: 10.1097/01.mol.0000162318.47172.ef. PMID: 15767853

Diagnosis

Khellaf G, Benziane A, Kaci L, Missoum S, Lahmar M, Benabadji M
Clin Nephrol 2023 Feb;99(2):92-97. doi: 10.5414/CN110850. PMID: 36420900
Mszar R, Webb GB, Kulkarni VT, Ahmad Z, Soffer D
Med Clin North Am 2022 Mar;106(2):325-348. Epub 2022 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.009. PMID: 35227434
Townson AT, Malam Y, Surman K, Chhabra S, Tan CY, Deegan P, Mathews J
J Clin Lipidol 2022 Mar-Apr;16(2):164-166. Epub 2021 Dec 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.12.002. PMID: 34975012
Soumian S, Albrecht C, Davies AH, Gibbs RG
Vasc Med 2005 May;10(2):109-19. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm593ra. PMID: 16013195
Hong SH, Rhyne J, Zeller K, Miller M
Atherosclerosis 2002 Oct;164(2):245-50. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00106-5. PMID: 12204794

Therapy

Karabudak S, Güzel V, Güler B, Uyanık B, Gürsoy AE
J Clin Lipidol 2024 Mar-Apr;18(2):e285-e289. Epub 2023 Dec 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.11.015. PMID: 38172008
Ishibashi R, Takemoto M, Tsurutani Y, Kuroda M, Ogawa M, Wakabayashi H, Uesugi N, Nagata M, Imai N, Hattori A, Sakamoto K, Kitamoto T, Maezawa Y, Narita I, Hiroi S, Furuta A, Miida T, Yokote K
J Clin Lipidol 2018 Jul-Aug;12(4):888-897.e2. Epub 2018 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.05.002. PMID: 29937398
Standl E
Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013 Mar;10(2):99-114. Epub 2012 Jun 20 doi: 10.1177/1479164112448876. PMID: 22718811
Soumian S, Albrecht C, Davies AH, Gibbs RG
Vasc Med 2005 May;10(2):109-19. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm593ra. PMID: 16013195
Mentis SW
Anesth Analg 1996 Aug;83(2):427-9. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199608000-00040. PMID: 8694332

Prognosis

Jeuring SFG, Verhaegh BPM, Verbeek J
Gastroenterology 2021 Aug;161(2):e39-e40. Epub 2020 Dec 18 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.025. PMID: 33346003
Hirashio S, Ueno T, Naito T, Masaki T
Clin Exp Nephrol 2014 Apr;18(2):189-93. Epub 2013 Oct 31 doi: 10.1007/s10157-013-0895-4. PMID: 24174160
Oka K, Belalcazar LM, Dieker C, Nour EA, Nuno-Gonzalez P, Paul A, Cormier S, Shin JK, Finegold M, Chan L
Gene Ther 2007 Feb;14(3):191-202. Epub 2006 Sep 7 doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302819. PMID: 16957769Free PMC Article
Soumian S, Albrecht C, Davies AH, Gibbs RG
Vasc Med 2005 May;10(2):109-19. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm593ra. PMID: 16013195
James DG
Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 1997 Sep;14(2):115-20. PMID: 9306501

Clinical prediction guides

Mszar R, Webb GB, Kulkarni VT, Ahmad Z, Soffer D
Med Clin North Am 2022 Mar;106(2):325-348. Epub 2022 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.009. PMID: 35227434
Hooper AJ, Hegele RA, Burnett JR
Curr Opin Lipidol 2020 Apr;31(2):80-84. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000669. PMID: 32022754
Ishibashi R, Takemoto M, Tsurutani Y, Kuroda M, Ogawa M, Wakabayashi H, Uesugi N, Nagata M, Imai N, Hattori A, Sakamoto K, Kitamoto T, Maezawa Y, Narita I, Hiroi S, Furuta A, Miida T, Yokote K
J Clin Lipidol 2018 Jul-Aug;12(4):888-897.e2. Epub 2018 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.05.002. PMID: 29937398
Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Castelnuovo S, Simonelli S, Pavanello C, Balzarotti G, Arca M, Di Costanzo A, Sampietro T, Vaudo G, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L
J Lipid Res 2017 May;58(5):994-1001. Epub 2017 Mar 28 doi: 10.1194/jlr.P072371. PMID: 28351888Free PMC Article
Schaefer EJ, Anthanont P, Diffenderfer MR, Polisecki E, Asztalos BF
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016 Sep-Oct;59(2):97-106. Epub 2016 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.08.006. PMID: 27565770Free PMC Article

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