A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMDA) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly involves the renal and carotid arteries. The prevalence of symptomatic renal artery FMDA is about 4 in 1,000 and the prevalence of cervicocranial FMDA is about half of that. Histologic classification includes 3 main subtypes, intimal, medial, and perimedial, which may be associated in a single patient. Angiographic classification includes the multifocal type, with multiple stenoses and the 'string of beads' appearance that is related to medial FMDA, and tubular and focal types, which are not clearly related to specific histologic lesions (summary by Plouin et al., 2007)

An aneurysm (severe localized balloon-like outward bulging) in the pulmonary artery.

Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of the carotid arteries.

Excessive bending, twisting, and winding of a cerebral artery.

The presence of a localized dilatation or ballooning of a cerebral artery.

Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the celiac artery.

A separation (dissection) of the layers of the celiac artery wall.

Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of the vertebral arteries.

Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic attacks of headache and associated symptoms.

Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.

The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture.

A partial dislocation of a joint.

A partial dislocation of the shoulder joint.

The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.

Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.

A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.

The presence of a hernia in which the upper part of the stomach, i.e., mainly the gastric cardia protrudes through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus.

Changes in alignment of teeth in the dental arch

Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).

The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.

Interalar distance more than 2 SD below the mean for age, or alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the nasal base and alae.

Thinned, erythematous, depressed bands of atrophic skin. Initially, striae appear as flattened and thinned, pinkish linear regions of the skin. Striae tend to enlarge in length and become reddish or purplish. Later, striae tend to appear as white, depressed bands that are parallel to the lines of skin tension. Striae distensae occur most often in areas that have been subject to distension such as the lower back, buttocks, thighs, breast, abdomen, and shoulders.

Scars that form a depression compared to the level of the surrounding skin because of damage to the collagen, fat or other tissues below the skin.

A condition in which the skin can be stretched beyond normal, and then returns to its initial position.

An abnormally increased ability of the skin to permit light to pass through (translucency) such that subcutaneous structures such as veins display an increased degree of visibility.

Subjective impression of increased softness upon palpation of the skin.

A skin texture that is unusually soft (and may feel silky), and has a malleable consistency resembling that of dough.

An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.

An abnormal bluish coloration of the sclera.