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Microcephaly, epilepsy, and diabetes syndrome 2(MEDS2)

MedGen UID:
1782107
•Concept ID:
C5543294
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: MEDS2; MICROCEPHALY, EPILEPSY, AND DIABETES SYNDROME 2
 
Gene (location): YIPF5 (5q31.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0025690
OMIM®: 619278

Definition

MEDS2 is characterized by severe microcephaly and neonatal/early-onset epilepsy and diabetes (De Franco et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of microcephaly, epilepsy, and diabetes syndrome, see MEDS1 (614231). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Small for gestational age
MedGen UID:
65920
•Concept ID:
C0235991
•
Finding
Smaller than normal size according to sex and gestational age related norms, defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure
MedGen UID:
141670
•Concept ID:
C0494475
•
Sign or Symptom
A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
•Concept ID:
C0557874
•
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Lateral ventricle dilatation
MedGen UID:
383904
•Concept ID:
C1856409
•
Pathologic Function
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Elevated hemoglobin A1c
MedGen UID:
892798
•Concept ID:
C4073162
•
Finding
An increased concentration of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which is the product of nonenzymatic attachment of a hexose molecule to the N-terminal amino acid of the hemoglobin molecule. This reaction is dependent on blood glucose concentration, and therefore reflects the mean glucose concentration over the previous 8 to 12 weeks. The HbA1c level provides a better indication of long-term glycemic control than one-time blood or urinary glucose measurements.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
•Concept ID:
C4551563
•
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Diabetes mellitus
MedGen UID:
8350
•Concept ID:
C0011849
•
Disease or Syndrome
A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
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Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

De Novo and Bi-allelic Pathogenic Variants in NARS1 Cause Neurodevelopmental Delay Due to Toxic Gain-of-Function and Partial Loss-of-Function Effects.
Manole A, Efthymiou S, O'Connor E, Mendes MI, Jennings M, Maroofian R, Davagnanam I, Mankad K, Lopez MR, Salpietro V, Harripaul R, Badalato L, Walia J, Francklyn CS, Athanasiou-Fragkouli A, Sullivan R, Desai S, Baranano K, Zafar F, Rana N, Ilyas M, Horga A, Kara M, Mattioli F, Goldenberg A, Griffin H, Piton A, Henderson LB, Kara B, Aslanger AD, Raaphorst J, Pfundt R, Portier R, Shinawi M, Kirby A, Christensen KM, Wang L, Rosti RO, Paracha SA, Sarwar MT, Jenkins D; SYNAPS Study Group, Ahmed J, Santoni FA, Ranza E, Iwaszkiewicz J, Cytrynbaum C, Weksberg R, Wentzensen IM, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Si Y, Telegrafi A, Andrews MV, Baldridge D, Gabriel H, Mohr J, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Debard S, Senger B, Fischer F, van Ravenwaaij C, Fock AJM, Stevens SJC, Bähler J, Nasar A, Mantovani JF, Manzur A, Sarkozy A, Smith DEC, Salomons GS, Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Riazuddin S, Usmani MA, Seibt A, Ansar M, Antonarakis SE, Vincent JB, Ayub M, Grimmel M, Jelsig AM, Hjortshøj TD, Karstensen HG, Hummel M, Haack TB, Jamshidi Y, Distelmaier F, Horvath R, Gleeson JG, Becker H, Mandel JL, Koolen DA, Houlden H
Am J Hum Genet 2020 Aug 6;107(2):311-324. Epub 2020 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.016. PMID: 32738225Free PMC Article
Neuropsychiatric "Comorbidity" as Causal Influence in Autism.
Hawks ZW, Constantino JN
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020 Feb;59(2):229-235. Epub 2019 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.008. PMID: 31344460Free PMC Article
EIF2S3 Mutations Associated with Severe X-Linked Intellectual Disability Syndrome MEHMO.
Skopkova M, Hennig F, Shin BS, Turner CE, Stanikova D, Brennerova K, Stanik J, Fischer U, Henden L, Müller U, Steinberger D, Leshinsky-Silver E, Bottani A, Kurdiova T, Ukropec J, Nyitrayova O, Kolnikova M, Klimes I, Borck G, Bahlo M, Haas SA, Kim JR, Lotspeich-Cole LE, Gasperikova D, Dever TE, Kalscheuer VM
Hum Mutat 2017 Apr;38(4):409-425. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1002/humu.23170. PMID: 28055140Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders.
Maroofian R, Kaiyrzhanov R, Cali E, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Ferla M, Tortora D, Sadeghian S, Saadi SM, Abdullah U, Karimiani EG, Efthymiou S, Yeşil G, Alavi S, Al Shamsi AM, Tajsharghi H, Abdel-Hamid MS, Saadi NW, Al Mutairi F, Alabdi L, Beetz C, Ali Z, Toosi MB, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Babaei M, Isohanni P, Muhammad J, Khan S, Al Shalan M, Hickey SE, Marom D, Elhanan E, Kurian MA, Marafi D, Saberi A, Hamid M, Spaull R, Meng L, Lalani S, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Seeger J, Palculict TB, Lau T, Murphy D, Mencacci NE, Steindl K, Begemann A, Rauch A, Akbas S, Aslanger AD, Salpietro V, Yousaf H, Ben-Shachar S, Ejeskär K, Al Aqeel AI, High FA, Armstrong-Javors AE, Zahraei SM, Seifi T, Zeighami J, Shariati G, Sedaghat A, Asl SN, Shahrooei M, Zifarelli G, Burglen L, Ravelli C, Zschocke J, Schatz UA, Ghavideldarestani M, Kamel WA, Van Esch H, Hackenberg A, Taylor JC, Al-Gazali L, Bauer P, Gleeson JJ, Alkuraya FS, Lupski JR, Galehdari H, Azizimalamiri R, Chung WK, Baig SM, Houlden H, Severino M
Brain 2023 Dec 1;146(12):5031-5043. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad257. PMID: 37517035Free PMC Article
Ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy with MEHMO syndrome: Caution for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Mori M, Kumada T, Inoue K, Nozaki F, Matsui K, Maruo Y, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Shibata M
Brain Dev 2021 Jun;43(6):724-728. Epub 2021 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.02.002. PMID: 33714664
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and eIF2α phosphorylation: The Achilles heel of pancreatic β cells.
Cnop M, Toivonen S, Igoillo-Esteve M, Salpea P
Mol Metab 2017 Sep;6(9):1024-1039. Epub 2017 Jul 12 doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.001. PMID: 28951826Free PMC Article
tRNA methyltransferase homologue gene TRMT10A mutation in young adult-onset diabetes with intellectual disability, microcephaly and epilepsy.
Yew TW, McCreight L, Colclough K, Ellard S, Pearson ER
Diabet Med 2016 Sep;33(9):e21-5. doi: 10.1111/dme.13024. PMID: 26526202Free PMC Article
A community survey of neurological disorders in Saudi Arabia: the Thugbah study.
al Rajeh S, Bademosi O, Ismail H, Awada A, Dawodu A, al-Freihi H, Assuhaimi S, Borollosi M, al-Shammasi S
Neuroepidemiology 1993;12(3):164-78. doi: 10.1159/000110316. PMID: 8272177

Therapy

Ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy with MEHMO syndrome: Caution for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Mori M, Kumada T, Inoue K, Nozaki F, Matsui K, Maruo Y, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Shibata M
Brain Dev 2021 Jun;43(6):724-728. Epub 2021 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.02.002. PMID: 33714664
A community survey of neurological disorders in Saudi Arabia: the Thugbah study.
al Rajeh S, Bademosi O, Ismail H, Awada A, Dawodu A, al-Freihi H, Assuhaimi S, Borollosi M, al-Shammasi S
Neuroepidemiology 1993;12(3):164-78. doi: 10.1159/000110316. PMID: 8272177

Prognosis

Ketogenic diet for refractory epilepsy with MEHMO syndrome: Caution for acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Mori M, Kumada T, Inoue K, Nozaki F, Matsui K, Maruo Y, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, Shibata M
Brain Dev 2021 Jun;43(6):724-728. Epub 2021 Mar 11 doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.02.002. PMID: 33714664
A relatively common homozygous TRAPPC4 splicing variant is associated with an early-infantile neurodegenerative syndrome.
Ghosh SG, Scala M, Beetz C, Helman G, Stanley V, Yang X, Breuss MW, Mazaheri N, Selim L, Hadipour F, Pais L, Stutterd CA, Karageorgou V, Begtrup A, Crunk A, Juusola J, Willaert R, Flore LA, Kennelly K, Spencer C, Brown M, Trapane P, Hurst ACE, Lane Rutledge S, Goodloe DH, McDonald MT, Shashi V, Schoch K; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Tomoum H, Zaitoun R, Hadipour Z, Galehdari H, Pagnamenta AT, Mojarrad M, Sedaghat A, Dias P, Quintas S, Eslahi A, Shariati G, Bauer P, Simons C, Houlden H, Issa MY, Zaki MS, Maroofian R, Gleeson JG
Eur J Hum Genet 2021 Feb;29(2):271-279. Epub 2020 Sep 8 doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-00717-5. PMID: 32901138Free PMC Article
Neonatal hypoglycemia, early-onset diabetes and hypopituitarism due to the mutation in EIF2S3 gene causing MEHMO syndrome.
Stanik J, Skopkova M, Stanikova D, Brennerova K, Barak L, Ticha L, Hornova J, Klimes I, Gasperikova D
Physiol Res 2018 May 4;67(2):331-337. Epub 2018 Jan 5 doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933689. PMID: 29303605
Microcephaly with simplified gyration, epilepsy, and infantile diabetes linked to inappropriate apoptosis of neural progenitors.
Poulton CJ, Schot R, Kia SK, Jones M, Verheijen FW, Venselaar H, de Wit MC, de Graaff E, Bertoli-Avella AM, Mancini GM
Am J Hum Genet 2011 Aug 12;89(2):265-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.07.006. PMID: 21835305Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders.
Maroofian R, Kaiyrzhanov R, Cali E, Zamani M, Zaki MS, Ferla M, Tortora D, Sadeghian S, Saadi SM, Abdullah U, Karimiani EG, Efthymiou S, Yeşil G, Alavi S, Al Shamsi AM, Tajsharghi H, Abdel-Hamid MS, Saadi NW, Al Mutairi F, Alabdi L, Beetz C, Ali Z, Toosi MB, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Babaei M, Isohanni P, Muhammad J, Khan S, Al Shalan M, Hickey SE, Marom D, Elhanan E, Kurian MA, Marafi D, Saberi A, Hamid M, Spaull R, Meng L, Lalani S, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Seeger J, Palculict TB, Lau T, Murphy D, Mencacci NE, Steindl K, Begemann A, Rauch A, Akbas S, Aslanger AD, Salpietro V, Yousaf H, Ben-Shachar S, Ejeskär K, Al Aqeel AI, High FA, Armstrong-Javors AE, Zahraei SM, Seifi T, Zeighami J, Shariati G, Sedaghat A, Asl SN, Shahrooei M, Zifarelli G, Burglen L, Ravelli C, Zschocke J, Schatz UA, Ghavideldarestani M, Kamel WA, Van Esch H, Hackenberg A, Taylor JC, Al-Gazali L, Bauer P, Gleeson JJ, Alkuraya FS, Lupski JR, Galehdari H, Azizimalamiri R, Chung WK, Baig SM, Houlden H, Severino M
Brain 2023 Dec 1;146(12):5031-5043. doi: 10.1093/brain/awad257. PMID: 37517035Free PMC Article
A relatively common homozygous TRAPPC4 splicing variant is associated with an early-infantile neurodegenerative syndrome.
Ghosh SG, Scala M, Beetz C, Helman G, Stanley V, Yang X, Breuss MW, Mazaheri N, Selim L, Hadipour F, Pais L, Stutterd CA, Karageorgou V, Begtrup A, Crunk A, Juusola J, Willaert R, Flore LA, Kennelly K, Spencer C, Brown M, Trapane P, Hurst ACE, Lane Rutledge S, Goodloe DH, McDonald MT, Shashi V, Schoch K; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Tomoum H, Zaitoun R, Hadipour Z, Galehdari H, Pagnamenta AT, Mojarrad M, Sedaghat A, Dias P, Quintas S, Eslahi A, Shariati G, Bauer P, Simons C, Houlden H, Issa MY, Zaki MS, Maroofian R, Gleeson JG
Eur J Hum Genet 2021 Feb;29(2):271-279. Epub 2020 Sep 8 doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-00717-5. PMID: 32901138Free PMC Article
Novel pathogenic EIF2S3 missense variants causing clinically variable MEHMO syndrome with impaired eIF2γ translational function, and literature review.
Kotzaeridou U, Young-Baird SK, Suckow V, Thornburg AG, Wagner M, Harting I, Christ S, Strom T, Dever TE, Kalscheuer VM
Clin Genet 2020 Nov;98(5):507-514. Epub 2020 Sep 4 doi: 10.1111/cge.13831. PMID: 32799315Free PMC Article
A Recurrent De Novo Variant in NACC1 Causes a Syndrome Characterized by Infantile Epilepsy, Cataracts, and Profound Developmental Delay.
Schoch K, Meng L, Szelinger S, Bearden DR, Stray-Pedersen A, Busk OL, Stong N, Liston E, Cohn RD, Scaglia F, Rosenfeld JA, Tarpinian J, Skraban CM, Deardorff MA, Friedman JN, Akdemir ZC, Walley N, Mikati MA, Kranz PG, Jasien J, McConkie-Rosell A, McDonald M, Wechsler SB, Freemark M, Kansagra S, Freedman S, Bali D, Millan F, Bale S, Nelson SF, Lee H, Dorrani N; UCLA Clinical Genomics Center; Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Goldstein DB, Xiao R, Yang Y, Posey JE, Martinez-Agosto JA, Lupski JR, Wangler MF, Shashi V
Am J Hum Genet 2017 Feb 2;100(2):343-351. Epub 2017 Jan 26 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.12.013. PMID: 28132692Free PMC Article
Microcephaly with simplified gyration, epilepsy, and infantile diabetes linked to inappropriate apoptosis of neural progenitors.
Poulton CJ, Schot R, Kia SK, Jones M, Verheijen FW, Venselaar H, de Wit MC, de Graaff E, Bertoli-Avella AM, Mancini GM
Am J Hum Genet 2011 Aug 12;89(2):265-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.07.006. PMID: 21835305Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • Gene
      Related information in NCBI Gene
    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • OMIM(Genes)
      OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

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