From HPO
Polycystic kidney disease- MedGen UID:
- 9639
- •Concept ID:
- C0022680
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of multiple cysts in both kidneys.
Vesicoureteral reflux- MedGen UID:
- 21852
- •Concept ID:
- C0042580
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. It is a risk factor for urinary tract infections. Primary VUR results from a developmental defect of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). In combination with intrarenal reflux, the resulting inflammatory reaction may result in renal injury or scarring, also called reflux nephropathy (RN). Extensive renal scarring impairs renal function and may predispose patients to hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency (summary by Lu et al., 2007).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Vesicoureteral Reflux
A locus designated VUR1 maps to chromosome 1p13. VUR2 (610878) is caused by mutation in the ROBO2 gene (602431) on chromosome 3p12; VUR3 (613674) is caused by mutation in the SOX17 gene (610928) on chromosome 8q11; VUR4 (614317) maps to chromosome 5; VUR5 (614318) maps to chromosome 13; VUR6 (614319) maps to chromosome 18; VUR7 (615390) maps to chromosome 12; and VUR8 (615963) is caused by mutation in the TNXB gene (600985) on chromosome 6p21. A possible X-linked form has been reported (VURX; 314550).
Renal malrotation- MedGen UID:
- 68662
- •Concept ID:
- C0238210
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the normal developmental rotation of the kidney leading to an abnormal orientation of the kidney.
Unilateral renal agenesis- MedGen UID:
- 75607
- •Concept ID:
- C0266294
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A unilateral form of agenesis of the kidney.
Abnormal renal collecting system morphology- MedGen UID:
- 342720
- •Concept ID:
- C1851303
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the renal collecting system.
Renal dysplasia- MedGen UID:
- 760690
- •Concept ID:
- C3536714
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney.
Renal steatosis- MedGen UID:
- 867423
- •Concept ID:
- C4021796
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Abnormal fat accumulation in the kidneys.
Intestinal malrotation- MedGen UID:
- 113153
- •Concept ID:
- C0221210
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis.
Cholesteatoma- MedGen UID:
- 3043
- •Concept ID:
- C0008373
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cholesteatoma is a benign but potentially destructive growth consisting of keratinizing epithelium located in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. In cholesteatoma, a skin cyst grows into the middle ear and mastoid. The cyst is not cancerous but can erode tissue and cause destruction of the ear.
Conductive hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 9163
- •Concept ID:
- C0018777
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound.
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder- MedGen UID:
- 9164
- •Concept ID:
- C0018784
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Microtia- MedGen UID:
- 57535
- •Concept ID:
- C0152423
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the external ear.
Mixed hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 102336
- •Concept ID:
- C0155552
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing loss resulting from a combination of conductive hearing impairment and sensorineural hearing impairment.
Stenosis of the external auditory canal- MedGen UID:
- 140758
- •Concept ID:
- C0395837
- •
- Finding
An abnormal narrowing of the external auditory canal.
Cupped ear- MedGen UID:
- 335186
- •Concept ID:
- C1845447
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Laterally protruding ear that lacks antihelical folding (including absence of inferior and superior crura).
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 355050
- •Concept ID:
- C1863752
- •
- Finding
Increased size of the vestibular aqueduct.
Dilatated internal auditory canal- MedGen UID:
- 382996
- •Concept ID:
- C2676973
- •
- Finding
The presence of a dilated inner part of external acoustic meatus.
Hypoplasia of the cochlea- MedGen UID:
- 436824
- •Concept ID:
- C2676974
- •
- Finding
Developmental hypoplasia of the cochlea.
Incomplete partition of the cochlea type II- MedGen UID:
- 892450
- •Concept ID:
- C4025857
- •
- Finding
With incomplete partition II, the cochlea consists of 1.5 turns; the apical and middle cochlea turns are undifferentiated and form a cystic apex. The vestibule is normal while the vestibular aqueduct is always enlarged. Developmental arrest occurs at the seventh week of gestation.
Gustatory lacrimation- MedGen UID:
- 396279
- •Concept ID:
- C1862052
- •
- Finding
Gustatory lacrimation results from an aberrant innervation of fibers from the seventh cranial nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion which are destined originally for the submandibular ganglion. This aberrant innervation leads to uncontrollable tearing while eating or in anticipation of a meal.
Mild global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 861405
- •Concept ID:
- C4012968
- •
- Finding
A mild delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.
Abnormal cerebral morphology- MedGen UID:
- 867394
- •Concept ID:
- C4021762
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Any structural abnormality of the telencephalon, which is also known as the cerebrum.
Congenital hip dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 9258
- •Concept ID:
- C0019555
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Facial palsy- MedGen UID:
- 87660
- •Concept ID:
- C0376175
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Facial nerve palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side with weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. This can either be present in unilateral or bilateral form.
Branchial cyst- MedGen UID:
- 2342
- •Concept ID:
- C0006131
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A branchial cyst is a remnant of embryonic development resulting from a failure of obliteration of a branchial cleft and consists of a subcutaneous cystic mass. Cysts are located anterior or posterior to the ear or in the submandibular region.
Lacrimal duct stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 116054
- •Concept ID:
- C0238300
- •
- Finding
Narrowing of a tear duct (lacrimal duct).
Microdontia- MedGen UID:
- 66008
- •Concept ID:
- C0240340
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Decreased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD below mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased maximum width of tooth.
High palate- MedGen UID:
- 66814
- •Concept ID:
- C0240635
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Increased overbite- MedGen UID:
- 539656
- •Concept ID:
- C0266063
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Maxillary teeth cover the mandibular teeth when biting to an increased degree. The feature is defined as a vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors that exceeds 2 mm.
Branchial fistula- MedGen UID:
- 107802
- •Concept ID:
- C0546968
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A congenital fistula in the neck resulting from incomplete closure of a branchial cleft.
Long face- MedGen UID:
- 324419
- •Concept ID:
- C1836047
- •
- Finding
Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).
Narrow face- MedGen UID:
- 373334
- •Concept ID:
- C1837463
- •
- Finding
Bizygomatic (upper face) and bigonial (lower face) width are both more than 2 standard deviations below the mean (objective); or, an apparent reduction in the width of the upper and lower face (subjective).
Cleft palate- MedGen UID:
- 756015
- •Concept ID:
- C2981150
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Lacrimal duct aplasia- MedGen UID:
- 870330
- •Concept ID:
- C4024773
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A congenital defect resulting in absence of the lacrimal duct.
Bifid uvula- MedGen UID:
- 1646931
- •Concept ID:
- C4551488
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Uvula separated into two parts most easily seen at the tip.
Preauricular pit- MedGen UID:
- 120587
- •Concept ID:
- C0266610
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Small indentation anterior to the insertion of the ear.
Preauricular skin tag- MedGen UID:
- 395989
- •Concept ID:
- C1860816
- •
- Finding
A rudimentary tag of skin often containing ear tissue including a core of cartilage and located just anterior to the auricle (outer part of the ear).
Euthyroid goiter- MedGen UID:
- 86230
- •Concept ID:
- C0302859
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
DICER1 tumor predisposition (DICER1) is characterized by an increased risk for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), pulmonary cysts, thyroid gland neoplasia (multinodular goiter, adenomas, and/or thyroid cancer), ovarian tumors (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, and sarcoma), and cystic nephroma. Less commonly observed tumors include ciliary body medulloepithelioma, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pituitary blastoma, pineoblastoma, central nervous system (CNS) sarcoma, other CNS tumors, and presacral malignant teratoid tumor. The majority of tumors occur in individuals younger than age 40 years. PPB typically presents in infants and children younger than age six years. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are most often diagnosed before age 40 years. Cystic nephroma generally presents in young children but has also been reported in adolescents. Additional clinical features that may be seen include macrocephaly, ocular abnormalities, structural anomalies of the kidney and collecting system, and dental anomalies (bulbous crowns).
Lacrimation abnormality- MedGen UID:
- 867427
- •Concept ID:
- C4021801
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Abnormality of tear production.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the endocrine system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Ear malformation