U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 4(NMTC4)

MedGen UID:
907624
•Concept ID:
C4225293
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: NMTC4
 
Gene (location): FOXE1 (9q22.33)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014681
OMIM®: 616534

Definition

Nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) refers to neoplasms originating from the thyroid follicular cells and represents 80 to 95% of all thyroid cancers. Approximately 5% of NMTC occurs on the background of a familial predisposition. Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is usually the most frequent thyroid lesion in NMTC families, multinodular goiter (MNG) and follicular thyroid adenoma also occur (summary by Pereira et al., 2015). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NMTC, see NMTC1 (188550). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
MedGen UID:
66773
•Concept ID:
C0238463
•
Neoplastic Process
The presence of a papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Malignant tumor of prostate
MedGen UID:
138169
•Concept ID:
C0376358
•
Neoplastic Process
A cancer of the prostate.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Ovarian neoplasm
MedGen UID:
181539
•Concept ID:
C0919267
•
Neoplastic Process
A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the ovary.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Skin basal cell carcinoma
MedGen UID:
1648304
•Concept ID:
C4721806
•
Neoplastic Process
The presence of a basal cell carcinoma of the skin.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Goiter
MedGen UID:
42270
•Concept ID:
C0018021
•
Disease or Syndrome
An enlargement of the thyroid gland.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Show allHide all

Professional guidelines

PubMed

American Thyroid Association Guidelines and National Trends in Management of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
Gordon AJ, Dublin JC, Patel E, Papazian M, Chow MS, Persky MJ, Jacobson AS, Patel KN, Suh I, Morris LGT, Givi B
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Dec 1;148(12):1156-1163. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.3360. PMID: 36326739Free PMC Article
Hashimoto thyroiditis: an evidence-based guide to etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Wartofsky L
Pol Arch Intern Med 2022 Mar 30;132(3) Epub 2022 Mar 3 doi: 10.20452/pamw.16222. PMID: 35243857Free PMC Article
Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
Francis GL, Waguespack SG, Bauer AJ, Angelos P, Benvenga S, Cerutti JM, Dinauer CA, Hamilton J, Hay ID, Luster M, Parisi MT, Rachmiel M, Thompson GB, Yamashita S; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force
Thyroid 2015 Jul;25(7):716-59. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0460. PMID: 25900731Free PMC Article

Curated

UK NICE Guideline NG230, Thyroid cancer: assessment and management

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Risk stratification of papillary thyroid cancers using multidimensional machine learning.
Li Y, Wu F, Ge W, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhao L, Gou W, Shi J, Ni Y, Li L, Fu W, Lin X, Yu Y, Han Z, Chen C, Xu R, Zhang S, Zhou L, Pan G, Peng Y, Mao L, Zhou T, Zheng J, Zheng H, Sun Y, Guo T, Luo D
Int J Surg 2024 Jan 1;110(1):372-384. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000814. PMID: 37916932Free PMC Article
Prevalence of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Adults With Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Its Association With Cancer Recurrence and Outcomes.
Xu S, Huang H, Qian J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Liu S, Xu Z, Liu J
JAMA Netw Open 2021 Jul 1;4(7):e2118526. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18526. PMID: 34313737Free PMC Article
Is Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer A More Aggressive Type of Thyroid Cancer?
Muallem Kalmovich L, Jabarin B, Koren S, Or K, Marcus E, Tkacheva I, Benbassat C, Steinschneider M
Laryngoscope 2021 Feb;131(2):E677-E681. Epub 2020 Aug 6 doi: 10.1002/lary.28989. PMID: 32761812
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Mao J, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng K, Wang R, Wang G
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:265. Epub 2020 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00265. PMID: 32477264Free PMC Article
Prognostic Parameters in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas.
Cipriani NA
Surg Pathol Clin 2019 Dec;12(4):883-900. Epub 2019 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.path.2019.07.001. PMID: 31672296

Diagnosis

Risk stratification of papillary thyroid cancers using multidimensional machine learning.
Li Y, Wu F, Ge W, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhao L, Gou W, Shi J, Ni Y, Li L, Fu W, Lin X, Yu Y, Han Z, Chen C, Xu R, Zhang S, Zhou L, Pan G, Peng Y, Mao L, Zhou T, Zheng J, Zheng H, Sun Y, Guo T, Luo D
Int J Surg 2024 Jan 1;110(1):372-384. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000814. PMID: 37916932Free PMC Article
American Thyroid Association Guidelines and National Trends in Management of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
Gordon AJ, Dublin JC, Patel E, Papazian M, Chow MS, Persky MJ, Jacobson AS, Patel KN, Suh I, Morris LGT, Givi B
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Dec 1;148(12):1156-1163. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.3360. PMID: 36326739Free PMC Article
Is Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer A More Aggressive Type of Thyroid Cancer?
Muallem Kalmovich L, Jabarin B, Koren S, Or K, Marcus E, Tkacheva I, Benbassat C, Steinschneider M
Laryngoscope 2021 Feb;131(2):E677-E681. Epub 2020 Aug 6 doi: 10.1002/lary.28989. PMID: 32761812
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: Genetics, Therapeutics and Outcome.
Bauer AJ
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2020 Dec;49(4):589-611. Epub 2020 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.08.001. PMID: 33153669
Black Thyroid.
Yu NY, Gamez ME
Int J Surg Pathol 2019 Jun;27(4):401-402. Epub 2018 Sep 17 doi: 10.1177/1066896918800773. PMID: 30322317

Therapy

Combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Patients with Metastatic BRAFV600E-Mutated Thyroid Cancer.
Jeon Y, Park S, Lee SH, Kim TH, Kim SW, Ahn MJ, Jung HA, Chung JH
Cancer Res Treat 2024 Oct;56(4):1270-1276. Epub 2024 Mar 6 doi: 10.4143/crt.2023.1278. PMID: 38453274Free PMC Article
Comparison of Lobectomy vs Total Thyroidectomy for Intermediate-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lymph Node Metastasis.
Xu S, Huang H, Huang Y, Qian J, Wang X, Xu Z, Liu S, Liu J
JAMA Surg 2023 Jan 1;158(1):73-79. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5781. PMID: 36449303Free PMC Article
American Thyroid Association Guidelines and National Trends in Management of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
Gordon AJ, Dublin JC, Patel E, Papazian M, Chow MS, Persky MJ, Jacobson AS, Patel KN, Suh I, Morris LGT, Givi B
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Dec 1;148(12):1156-1163. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.3360. PMID: 36326739Free PMC Article
Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion-positive thyroid carcinoma.
Waguespack SG, Drilon A, Lin JJ, Brose MS, McDermott R, Almubarak M, Bauman J, Casanova M, Krishnamurthy A, Kummar S, Leyvraz S, Oh DY, Park K, Sohal D, Sherman E, Norenberg R, Silvertown JD, Brega N, Hong DS, Cabanillas ME
Eur J Endocrinol 2022 Apr 29;186(6):631-643. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-1259. PMID: 35333737Free PMC Article
NTRK and RET fusion-directed therapy in pediatric thyroid cancer yields a tumor response and radioiodine uptake.
Lee YA, Lee H, Im SW, Song YS, Oh DY, Kang HJ, Won JK, Jung KC, Kwon D, Chung EJ, Hah JH, Paeng JC, Kim JH, Choi J, Kim OH, Oh JM, Ahn BC, Wirth LJ, Shin CH, Kim JI, Park YJ
J Clin Invest 2021 Sep 15;131(18) doi: 10.1172/JCI144847. PMID: 34237031Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Risk stratification of papillary thyroid cancers using multidimensional machine learning.
Li Y, Wu F, Ge W, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhao L, Gou W, Shi J, Ni Y, Li L, Fu W, Lin X, Yu Y, Han Z, Chen C, Xu R, Zhang S, Zhou L, Pan G, Peng Y, Mao L, Zhou T, Zheng J, Zheng H, Sun Y, Guo T, Luo D
Int J Surg 2024 Jan 1;110(1):372-384. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000814. PMID: 37916932Free PMC Article
Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in the United States: 2000-2018.
Megwalu UC, Moon PK
Thyroid 2022 May;32(5):560-570. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1089/thy.2021.0662. PMID: 35132899
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: Genetics, Therapeutics and Outcome.
Bauer AJ
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2020 Dec;49(4):589-611. Epub 2020 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.08.001. PMID: 33153669
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Mao J, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng K, Wang R, Wang G
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:265. Epub 2020 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00265. PMID: 32477264Free PMC Article
Prognostic Parameters in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas.
Cipriani NA
Surg Pathol Clin 2019 Dec;12(4):883-900. Epub 2019 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.path.2019.07.001. PMID: 31672296

Clinical prediction guides

Risk stratification of papillary thyroid cancers using multidimensional machine learning.
Li Y, Wu F, Ge W, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhao L, Gou W, Shi J, Ni Y, Li L, Fu W, Lin X, Yu Y, Han Z, Chen C, Xu R, Zhang S, Zhou L, Pan G, Peng Y, Mao L, Zhou T, Zheng J, Zheng H, Sun Y, Guo T, Luo D
Int J Surg 2024 Jan 1;110(1):372-384. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000814. PMID: 37916932Free PMC Article
Simultaneous Occurrence of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series with Literature Review.
Fallahi P, Patrizio A, Stoppini G, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Balestri E, Mazzi V, Botrini C, Varricchi G, Ulisse S, Ghionzoli M, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM
Curr Oncol 2023 Nov 30;30(12):10237-10248. doi: 10.3390/curroncol30120745. PMID: 38132379Free PMC Article
American Thyroid Association Guidelines and National Trends in Management of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.
Gordon AJ, Dublin JC, Patel E, Papazian M, Chow MS, Persky MJ, Jacobson AS, Patel KN, Suh I, Morris LGT, Givi B
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Dec 1;148(12):1156-1163. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.3360. PMID: 36326739Free PMC Article
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Mao J, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng K, Wang R, Wang G
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:265. Epub 2020 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00265. PMID: 32477264Free PMC Article
Prognostic Parameters in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas.
Cipriani NA
Surg Pathol Clin 2019 Dec;12(4):883-900. Epub 2019 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.path.2019.07.001. PMID: 31672296

Recent systematic reviews

Liquid biopsies in thyroid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zeyghami W, Hansen MU, Jakobsen KK, Groenhøj C, Feldt-Rasmussen U, von Buchwald C, Hahn CH
Endocr Relat Cancer 2023 Dec 1;30(12) Epub 2023 Oct 26 doi: 10.1530/ERC-23-0002. PMID: 37882489
Assessment of Radiofrequency Ablation for Papillary Microcarcinoma of the Thyroid: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
van Dijk SPJ, Coerts HI, Gunput STG, van Velsen EFS, Medici M, Moelker A, Peeters RP, Verhoef C, van Ginhoven TM
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Apr 1;148(4):317-325. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.4381. PMID: 35142816Free PMC Article
Hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Donaldson LB, Yan F, Morgan PF, Kaczmar JM, Fernandes JK, Nguyen SA, Jester RL, Day TA
Endocrine 2021 Apr;72(1):27-39. Epub 2020 Oct 6 doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02505-z. PMID: 33025563Free PMC Article
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Mao J, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng K, Wang R, Wang G
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:265. Epub 2020 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00265. PMID: 32477264Free PMC Article
Systematic review of site distribution of bone metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer.
Osorio M, Moubayed SP, Su H, Urken ML
Head Neck 2017 Apr;39(4):812-818. Epub 2017 Jan 11 doi: 10.1002/hed.24655. PMID: 28079945

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2022
      UK NICE Guideline NG230, Thyroid cancer: assessment and management

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • Gene
      Related information in NCBI Gene
    • GTR
      Related information in GTR
    • GTR(Clinical)
      Clinical tests in GTR
    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • OMIM(Genes)
      OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed
    • PubMed (OMIM)
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...