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Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 4, localized or generalized intermediate, autosomal recessive(EBS4)

MedGen UID:
767281
•Concept ID:
C3554367
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Epidermolysis bullosa, nonspecific, autosomal recessive
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
•Concept ID:
C0441748
•
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
Autosomal recessive inheritance (Orphanet)
 
Gene (location): EXPH5 (11q22.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014014
OMIM®: 615028
Orphanet: ORPHA412189

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is characterized by fragility of the skin (and mucosal epithelia in some instances) that results in non-scarring blisters and erosions caused by minor mechanical trauma. EBS is distinguished from other types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) or non-EB skin fragility syndromes by the location of the blistering in relation to the dermal-epidermal junction. In EBS, blistering occurs within basal keratinocytes. The severity of blistering ranges from limited to hands and feet to widespread involvement. Additional features can include hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles (keratoderma), nail dystrophy, milia, and hyper- and/or hypopigmentation. Rare EBS subtypes have been associated with additional clinical features including pyloric atresia, muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and/or nephropathy. [from GeneReviews]
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary  |  GeneReview Scope  |  Diagnosis  |  Clinical Characteristics  |  Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders  |  Differential Diagnosis  |  Management  |  Genetic Counseling  |  Resources  |  Molecular Genetics  |  Chapter Notes  |  References
Authors:
Jodi Y So  |  Joyce Teng   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Autosomal recessive localized or generalized intermediate epidermolysis bullosa simplex-4 (EBS4) is a rare disorder characterized by mild skin fragility with onset at birth or in early childhood, associated with acral blistering with hemorrhagic crusts. Skin fragility improves with age in most patients, although mottled pigmentation may later develop on the trunk and proximal limbs. Histology shows intrabasal cleavage (Malchin et al., 2016; Turcan et al., 2016; Diociaiuti et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of the subtypes of EBS, see EBS1A (131760).  http://www.omim.org/entry/615028

Clinical features

From HPO
Epidermal acanthosis
MedGen UID:
65136
•Concept ID:
C0221270
•
Finding
Diffuse hypertrophy or thickening of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis (prickle cell layer of the skin).
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Fragile skin
MedGen UID:
66826
•Concept ID:
C0241181
•
Finding
Skin that splits easily with minimal injury.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Hyperkeratosis
MedGen UID:
209030
•Concept ID:
C0870082
•
Disease or Syndrome
Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is composed of large, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin which are the dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Abnormal blistering of the skin
MedGen UID:
412159
•Concept ID:
C2132198
•
Finding
The presence of one or more bullae on the skin, defined as fluid-filled blisters more than 5 mm in diameter with thin walls.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVEpidermolysis bullosa simplex 4, localized or generalized intermediate, autosomal recessive

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Mutations in KEOPS-complex genes cause nephrotic syndrome with primary microcephaly.
Braun DA, Rao J, Mollet G, Schapiro D, Daugeron MC, Tan W, Gribouval O, Boyer O, Revy P, Jobst-Schwan T, Schmidt JM, Lawson JA, Schanze D, Ashraf S, Ullmann JFP, Hoogstraten CA, Boddaert N, Collinet B, Martin G, Liger D, Lovric S, Furlano M, Guerrera IC, Sanchez-Ferras O, Hu JF, Boschat AC, Sanquer S, Menten B, Vergult S, De Rocker N, Airik M, Hermle T, Shril S, Widmeier E, Gee HY, Choi WI, Sadowski CE, Pabst WL, Warejko JK, Daga A, Basta T, Matejas V, Scharmann K, Kienast SD, Behnam B, Beeson B, Begtrup A, Bruce M, Ch'ng GS, Lin SP, Chang JH, Chen CH, Cho MT, Gaffney PM, Gipson PE, Hsu CH, Kari JA, Ke YY, Kiraly-Borri C, Lai WM, Lemyre E, Littlejohn RO, Masri A, Moghtaderi M, Nakamura K, Ozaltin F, Praet M, Prasad C, Prytula A, Roeder ER, Rump P, Schnur RE, Shiihara T, Sinha MD, Soliman NA, Soulami K, Sweetser DA, Tsai WH, Tsai JD, Topaloglu R, Vester U, Viskochil DH, Vatanavicharn N, Waxler JL, Wierenga KJ, Wolf MTF, Wong SN, Leidel SA, Truglio G, Dedon PC, Poduri A, Mane S, Lifton RP, Bouchard M, Kannu P, Chitayat D, Magen D, Callewaert B, van Tilbeurgh H, Zenker M, Antignac C, Hildebrandt F
Nat Genet 2017 Oct;49(10):1529-1538. Epub 2017 Aug 14 doi: 10.1038/ng.3933. PMID: 28805828Free PMC Article
Osteopetroses, emphasizing potential approaches to treatment.
Teti A, Econs MJ
Bone 2017 Sep;102:50-59. Epub 2017 Feb 4 doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.02.002. PMID: 28167345
Ichthyosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management.
DiGiovanna JJ, Robinson-Bostom L
Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4(2):81-95. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200304020-00002. PMID: 12553849

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

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Espinós C, Calpena E, Martínez-Rubio D, Lupo V
Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;724:61-75. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_5. PMID: 22411234
Milestones in PD genetics.
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Diagnosis

Juvenile haemochromatosis.
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Mineralocorticoid resistance.
Zennaro MC, Lombès M
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Therapy

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Al Ashry HS, Strange C
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Localization of an ataxia-telangiectasia gene to chromosome 11q22-23.
Gatti RA, Berkel I, Boder E, Braedt G, Charmley P, Concannon P, Ersoy F, Foroud T, Jaspers NG, Lange K
Nature 1988 Dec 8;336(6199):577-80. doi: 10.1038/336577a0. PMID: 3200306

Prognosis

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Centronuclear (myotubular) myopathy.
Jungbluth H, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Laporte J
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Gonadotrophin receptors.
Clayton RN
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Clinical prediction guides

Epidermolysis Bullosa in children: the central role of the pediatrician.
Marchili MR, Spina G, Roversi M, Mascolo C, Pentimalli E, Corbeddu M, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Villani A
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 Apr 4;17(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-02144-1. PMID: 35379269Free PMC Article
Overview of complications associated with epidermolysis bullosa: A multicenter retrospective clinical analysis of 152 cases.
Raboei E, Alabdali A, Owiwi Y, Yousef Y, Alsaggaf A, Bustanji N, Ghallab A, Bakheet K, Altaf A
J Pediatr Surg 2021 Dec;56(12):2392-2398. Epub 2021 Jun 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.05.023. PMID: 34215433
Functional Complementation Assay for 47 MUTYH Variants in a MutY-Disrupted Escherichia coli Strain.
Komine K, Shimodaira H, Takao M, Soeda H, Zhang X, Takahashi M, Ishioka C
Hum Mutat 2015 Jul;36(7):704-11. doi: 10.1002/humu.22794. PMID: 25820570Free PMC Article
The many faces of plectin and plectinopathies: pathology and mechanisms.
Winter L, Wiche G
Acta Neuropathol 2013 Jan;125(1):77-93. Epub 2012 Aug 3 doi: 10.1007/s00401-012-1026-0. PMID: 22864774
Gonadotrophin receptors.
Clayton RN
Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jan;10(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/s0950-351x(96)80250-3. PMID: 8734448

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