A progressive form of sensorineural hearing impairment.

Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).

A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.

Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course.

A generalized disorder of peripheral nerves.

An abnormality of the auditory evoked potentials, which are used to trace the signal generated by a sound, from the cochlear nerve, through the lateral lemniscus, to the medial geniculate nucleus, and to the cortex.

The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.

A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction.

An abnormally high degree of muscle fiber size variation. This phenotypic feature can be observed upon muscle biopsy.

The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).

Paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles that are responsible for eye movements.

Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.

A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.

An area of depressed vision located at the point of fixation and that interferes with central vision.

Difficulty with discriminating red and green hues.

Tritanopia is an autosomal dominant disorder of human vision characterized by a selective deficiency of blue spectral sensitivity (Weitz et al., 1992).

Diminished clarity of vision.

A scotoma (area of diminished vision within the visual field) located between the central point of fixation and the blind spot with a roughly horizontal oval shape.

Nystagmus consisting of horizontal to-and-fro eye movements.

A form of colorblindness in which only two of the three fundamental colors can be distinguished due to a lack of one of the retinal cone pigments.

Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery.