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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 1(ARVD1; ARVC1)

MedGen UID:
349530
Concept ID:
C1862511
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial 1
 
Gene (location): TGFB3 (14q24.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007152
OMIM®: 107970

Authors:
Elizabeth McNally  |  Heather MacLeod  |  Lisa Dellefave-Castillo   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From GeneReviews Overview
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) – previously referred to as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) – is characterized by progressive fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium that predisposes to ventricular tachycardia and sudden death in young individuals and athletes. It primarily affects the right ventricle, and it may also involve the left ventricle. The presentation of disease is highly variable even within families, and some affected individuals may not meet established clinical criteria. The mean age at diagnosis is 31 years (±13; range: 4-64 years).
From OMIM
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a clinical and pathologic entity for which the diagnosis rests on electrocardiographic and angiographic criteria; pathologic findings, replacement of ventricular myocardium with fatty and fibrous elements, preferentially involve the right ventricular free wall. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with reduced penetrance and is one of the major genetic causes of juvenile sudden death. When the dysplasia is extensive, it may represent the Uhl anomaly ('parchment right ventricle'). The presenting finding is usually recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block configuration. Basso et al. (2009) provided a detailed review of ARVD, including diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment options, and genetics. Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia Other forms of ARVD include ARVD3 (602086), mapped to chromosome 14q12-q22; ARVD4 (602087), mapped to chromosome 2q32.1-q32.3; ARVD5 (604400), caused by mutation in the TMEM43 gene (612048) on chromosome 3p23; ARVD6 (604401), mapped to chromosome 10p14-p12; ARVD8 (607450), caused by mutation in the DSP gene (125647) on chromosome 6p24; ARVD9 (609040), caused by mutation in the PKP2 gene (602861) on chromosome 12p11; ARVD10 (610193), caused by mutation in the DSG2 (125671) on chromosome 18q12; ARVD11 (610476), caused by mutation in the DSC2 gene (125645) on chromosome 18q12.1; ARVD12 (611528), caused by mutation in the JUP gene (173325) on chromosome 17q21; ARVD13 (615616), caused by mutation in the CTNNA3 gene (607667) on chromosome 10q21; ARVD14 (618920), caused by mutation in the CDH2 gene (114020) on chromosome 18q12; and ARVD15 (see 617047), caused by mutation in the FLNC gene (102565) on chromosome 7q32. The designation ARVD2 had been used for patients reported to have a form of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy resulting from mutation in the RYR2 gene (180902); it was later recognized that the patients had catecholamine-induced ventricular tachycardia (CPVT1; 604772) rather than arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (Karmouch et al., 2018). ARVD7 is a former designation for a form of myopathy and ARVD mapped to chromosome 10q22, which was later found to be a form of myofibrillar myopathy (MFM1; 601419) caused by mutation in the DES gene (125660) on chromosome 2q35. Christensen et al. (2010) screened 65 ARVD probands for mutations in 5 desmosomal genes as well as the TGFB3 gene (190230), and identified 19 different mutations in the desmosomal genes in 12 of the families, including 7 with more than 1 mutation. In 6 families, digenic mutation carriers were identified, with at least 1 of the mutations being absent in the control population. The authors stated that their findings partially supported a gene dosage effect, although phenotypic variation was large. Nitoiu et al. (2014) reviewed desmosome biology in cardiocutaneous syndromes and inherited skin disease, including discussion of the involvement of the DSP, PKP2, DSG2, DSC2, and JUP genes.  http://www.omim.org/entry/107970
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a form of heart disease that usually appears in adulthood. ARVC is a disorder of the myocardium, which is the muscular wall of the heart. This condition causes part of the myocardium to break down over time, increasing the risk of an abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia) and sudden death.

ARVC may not cause any symptoms in its early stages. However, affected individuals may still be at risk of sudden death, especially during strenuous exercise. When symptoms occur, they most commonly include a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), light-headedness, and fainting (syncope). Over time, ARVC can also cause shortness of breath and abnormal swelling in the legs or abdomen. If the myocardium becomes severely damaged in the later stages of the disease, it can lead to heart failure.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arrhythmogenic-right-ventricular-cardiomyopathy

Clinical features

From HPO
Sudden cardiac death
MedGen UID:
38841
Concept ID:
C0085298
Pathologic Function
The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset).
Ventricular arrhythmia
MedGen UID:
39082
Concept ID:
C0085612
Disease or Syndrome
A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an atypical cardiac rhythm resulting from a pathologic process in the cardiac ventricles.
Right ventricular cardiomyopathy
MedGen UID:
384481
Concept ID:
C2063326
Disease or Syndrome
Right ventricular dysfunction (global or regional) with functional and morphological right ventricular abnormalities, with or without left ventricular disease.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Stava TT, Leren TP, Bogsrud MP
Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022 Oct 18;29(13):1789-1799. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac102. PMID: 35653365
Corrado D, Perazzolo Marra M, Zorzi A, Beffagna G, Cipriani A, Lazzari M, Migliore F, Pilichou K, Rampazzo A, Rigato I, Rizzo S, Thiene G, Anastasakis A, Asimaki A, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Haugaa KH, Marchlinski FE, Mazzanti A, McKenna WJ, Pantazis A, Pelliccia A, Schmied C, Sharma S, Wichter T, Bauce B, Basso C
Int J Cardiol 2020 Nov 15;319:106-114. Epub 2020 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.06.005. PMID: 32561223
Baranchuk A, Enriquez A, García-Niebla J, Bayés-Genís A, Villuendas R, Bayés de Luna A
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2015 Jan;20(1):7-17. Epub 2014 Dec 26 doi: 10.1111/anec.12241. PMID: 25546557Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Toda G, Iliev II, Kawahara F, Hayano M, Yano K
Intern Med 2000 Jul;39(7):531-6. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.39.531. PMID: 10888207
Fan K, Lee K, Lau CP
J Interv Card Electrophysiol 1999 Oct;3(3):239-45. doi: 10.1023/a:1009847707872. PMID: 10490480

Diagnosis

Toda G, Iliev II, Kawahara F, Hayano M, Yano K
Intern Med 2000 Jul;39(7):531-6. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.39.531. PMID: 10888207

Prognosis

Fan K, Lee K, Lau CP
J Interv Card Electrophysiol 1999 Oct;3(3):239-45. doi: 10.1023/a:1009847707872. PMID: 10490480

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