From HPO
Urinary incontinence- MedGen UID:
- 22579
- •Concept ID:
- C0042024
- •
- Finding
Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.
Urinary urgency- MedGen UID:
- 39315
- •Concept ID:
- C0085606
- •
- Finding
Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate.
Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction- MedGen UID:
- 334804
- •Concept ID:
- C1843663
- •
- Finding
Abnormal function of a sphincter of the urinary bladder.
Pes cavus- MedGen UID:
- 675590
- •Concept ID:
- C0728829
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Upper limb muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 305607
- •Concept ID:
- C1698196
- •
- Finding
Weakness of the muscles of the arms.
Lower limb muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 324478
- •Concept ID:
- C1836296
- •
- Finding
Weakness of the muscles of the legs.
Lower limb hypertonia- MedGen UID:
- 375612
- •Concept ID:
- C1845245
- •
- Finding
Upper limb hypertonia- MedGen UID:
- 867515
- •Concept ID:
- C4021898
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Increased muscle tone observed in the arms of the affected person.
Dysphagia- MedGen UID:
- 41440
- •Concept ID:
- C0011168
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Difficulty in swallowing.
Hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 235586
- •Concept ID:
- C1384666
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Dysarthria- MedGen UID:
- 8510
- •Concept ID:
- C0013362
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Babinski sign- MedGen UID:
- 19708
- •Concept ID:
- C0034935
- •
- Finding
Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.
Spastic paraplegia- MedGen UID:
- 20882
- •Concept ID:
- C0037772
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Spasticity and weakness of the leg and hip muscles.
Hyperreflexia- MedGen UID:
- 57738
- •Concept ID:
- C0151889
- •
- Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Spastic gait- MedGen UID:
- 115907
- •Concept ID:
- C0231687
- •
- Finding
Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.
Waddling gait- MedGen UID:
- 66667
- •Concept ID:
- C0231712
- •
- Finding
Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.
Memory impairment- MedGen UID:
- 68579
- •Concept ID:
- C0233794
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.
Dysmetria- MedGen UID:
- 68583
- •Concept ID:
- C0234162
- •
- Finding
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
Slurred speech- MedGen UID:
- 65885
- •Concept ID:
- C0234518
- •
- Finding
Abnormal coordination of muscles involved in speech.
Dysdiadochokinesis- MedGen UID:
- 115975
- •Concept ID:
- C0234979
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible.
Cognitive impairment- MedGen UID:
- 90932
- •Concept ID:
- C0338656
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.
Gait disturbance- MedGen UID:
- 107895
- •Concept ID:
- C0575081
- •
- Finding
The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.
Cerebellar atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 196624
- •Concept ID:
- C0740279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Limb ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 196692
- •Concept ID:
- C0750937
- •
- Finding
A kind of ataxia that affects movements of the extremities.
Gait ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 155642
- •Concept ID:
- C0751837
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.
Lower limb spasticity- MedGen UID:
- 220865
- •Concept ID:
- C1271100
- •
- Finding
Spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone and hyperexcitable tendon reflexes) in the muscles of the lower limbs, hips, and pelvis.
Upper limb spasticity- MedGen UID:
- 220882
- •Concept ID:
- C1273957
- •
- Finding
Lower limb hyperreflexia- MedGen UID:
- 322973
- •Concept ID:
- C1836696
- •
- Finding
Hyperreflexia in upper limbs- MedGen UID:
- 375112
- •Concept ID:
- C1843175
- •
- Finding
Postural instability- MedGen UID:
- 334529
- •Concept ID:
- C1843921
- •
- Finding
A tendency to fall or the inability to keep oneself from falling; imbalance. The retropulsion test is widely regarded as the gold standard to evaluate postural instability, Use of the retropulsion test includes a rapid balance perturbation in the backward direction, and the number of balance correcting steps (or total absence thereof) is used to rate the degree of postural instability. Healthy subjects correct such perturbations with either one or two large steps, or without taking any steps, hinging rapidly at the hips while swinging the arms forward as a counterweight. In patients with balance impairment, balance correcting steps are often too small, forcing patients to take more than two steps. Taking three or more steps is generally considered to be abnormal, and taking more than five steps is regarded as being clearly abnormal. Markedly affected patients continue to step backward without ever regaining their balance and must be caught by the examiner (this would be called true retropulsion). Even more severely affected patients fail to correct entirely, and fall backward like a pushed toy soldier, without taking any corrective steps.
Degeneration of the lateral corticospinal tracts- MedGen UID:
- 375921
- •Concept ID:
- C1846566
- •
- Finding
Deterioration of the tissues of the lateral corticospinal tracts.
Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs- MedGen UID:
- 338617
- •Concept ID:
- C1849134
- •
- Finding
A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration in the legs.
Spastic ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 376528
- •Concept ID:
- C1849156
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials- MedGen UID:
- 867219
- •Concept ID:
- C4021577
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), i.e., of the electrical signals of sensation going from the body to the brain in response to a defined stimulus. Recording electrodes are placed over the scalp, spine, and peripheral nerves proximal to the stimulation site. Clinical studies generally use electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves to elicit potentials. SSEP testing determines whether peripheral sensory nerves are able to transmit sensory information like pain, temperature, and touch to the brain. Abnormal SSEPs can result from dysfunction at the level of the peripheral nerve, plexus, spinal root, spinal cord, brain stem, thalamocortical projections, or primary somatosensory cortex.
Impaired executive functioning- MedGen UID:
- 1617231
- •Concept ID:
- C4544271
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
A disturbance of executive functioning, which is broadly defined as the set of abilities that allow for the planning, executing, monitoring, and self-correcting of goal-directed behavior while inhibiting task-irrelevant behavior. At least some degree of executive skill is needed to complete most cognitive tasks, and deficits in executive abilities are central to many clinical conditions, including fronto-temporal dementia.
Cerebral cortical atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 1646740
- •Concept ID:
- C4551583
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum.
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 57735
- •Concept ID:
- C0151786
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Muscle stiffness- MedGen UID:
- 113151
- •Concept ID:
- C0221170
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A condition in which muscles cannot be moved quickly without accompanying pain or spasm.
Nystagmus- MedGen UID:
- 45166
- •Concept ID:
- C0028738
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Optic atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 18180
- •Concept ID:
- C0029124
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.
Supranuclear gaze palsy- MedGen UID:
- 314030
- •Concept ID:
- C1720037
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A supranuclear gaze palsy is an inability to look in a particular direction as a result of cerebral impairment. There is a loss of the voluntary aspect of eye movements, but, as the brainstem is still intact, all the reflex conjugate eye movements are normal.
Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy- MedGen UID:
- 334385
- •Concept ID:
- C1843369
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A supranuclear gaze palsy is an inability to look in a vertical direction as a result of cerebral impairment. There is a loss of the voluntary aspect of eye movements, but, as the brainstem is still intact, all the reflex conjugate eye movements are normal.
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Constitutional symptom
- Ear malformation