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TARP syndrome(TARPS)

MedGen UID:
333324
Concept ID:
C1839463
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Pierre Robin syndrome with congenital heart malformation and clubfoot; Talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect, robin sequence, and persistence of left superior vena cava; TARPS
SNOMED CT: TARP syndrome (725911008); Pierre Robin sequence, congenital heart defect, talipes syndrome (725911008); Pierre Robin syndrome, congenital heart defect, talipes syndrome (725911008); TARP (talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect, Robin sequence, persistence of left superior vena cava) syndrome (725911008)
 
Gene (location): RBM10 (Xp11.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010711
OMIM®: 311900
Orphanet: ORPHA2886

Definition

The classic features of TARP syndrome are talipes equinovarus, atrial septal defect, Robin sequence (micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis), and persistent left superior vena cava. Not all patients have all classic features. Some patients have the additional features of central nervous system dysfunction, renal abnormalities, variable cardiac anomalies including hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and variable distal limb defects including syndactyly. Most patients die in late prenatal or early postnatal stages (summary by Kaeppler et al., 2018). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Hydronephrosis
MedGen UID:
42531
Concept ID:
C0020295
Disease or Syndrome
Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.
Horseshoe kidney
MedGen UID:
65140
Concept ID:
C0221353
Congenital Abnormality
A connection of the right and left kidney by an isthmus of functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline.
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Postaxial polydactyly
MedGen UID:
67394
Concept ID:
C0220697
Congenital Abnormality
Polydactyly refers to the occurrence of supernumerary digits and is the most frequent of congenital hand and foot deformities. Based on the location of the extra digits, polydactyly can be classified into preaxial, involving the thumb or great toe; postaxial, affecting the fifth digit; and central, involving the 3 central digits. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is further subclassified into 2 types: in type A, a well-formed extra digit articulates with the fifth or a sixth metacarpal, whereas in type B, a rudimentary, poorly developed extra digit is present (summary by Umm-e-Kalsoom et al., 2012). Genetic Heterogeneity of Postaxial Polydactyly Other forms of postaxial polydactyly type A include PAPA2 (602085) on chromosome 13q21; PAPA3 (607324) on chromosome 19p13; PAPA4 (608562) on chromosome 7q22; PAPA5 (263450) on chromosome 13q13; PAPA6 (615226), caused by mutation in the ZNF141 gene (194648) on chromosome 4p16; PAPA7 (617642), caused by mutation in the IQCE gene (617631) on chromosome 7p22; PAPA8 (618123), caused by mutation in the GLI1 gene (165220) on chromosome 12q13; PAPA9 (618219), caused by mutation in the CIBAR1 gene (617273) on chromosome 8q22; and PAPA10 (618498), caused by mutation in the KIAA0825 gene (617266) on chromosome 5q15.
Congenital vertical talus
MedGen UID:
66821
Concept ID:
C0240912
Congenital Abnormality
Congenital vertical talus (CVT), also known as 'rocker-bottom foot' deformity, is a dislocation of the talonavicular joint characterized by vertical orientation of the talus with a rigid dorsal dislocation of the navicular, equinus deformity of the calcaneus, abduction deformity of the forefoot, and contracture of the soft tissues of the hind- and mid-foot. This condition is usually associated with multiple other congenital deformities and only rarely is an isolated deformity with familial occurrence (summary by Levinsohn et al., 2004). The condition is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, and sometimes shows incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. There may be a broad spectrum of deformities, including flatfoot, talipes equinovarus (TEV or clubfoot), cavus foot, metatarsus adductus, and even hypoplasia of the tibia (summary by Dobbs et al., 2006).
Single transverse palmar crease
MedGen UID:
96108
Concept ID:
C0424731
Finding
The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease.
Hypoplasia of the radius
MedGen UID:
672334
Concept ID:
C0685381
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the radius.
Bilateral talipes equinovarus
MedGen UID:
332956
Concept ID:
C1837835
Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral clubfoot deformity.
Deep palmar crease
MedGen UID:
387849
Concept ID:
C1857539
Finding
Excessively deep creases of the palm.
Cutaneous syndactyly
MedGen UID:
396250
Concept ID:
C1861921
Congenital Abnormality
A soft tissue continuity in the A/P axis between two digits that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints, or a soft tissue continuity in the A/P axis between two digits that lies significantly distal to the flexion crease that overlies the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint of the adjacent digits.
Clinodactyly
MedGen UID:
1644094
Concept ID:
C4551485
Congenital Abnormality
An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe).
Atrial septal defect
MedGen UID:
6753
Concept ID:
C0018817
Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Subdural hemorrhage
MedGen UID:
6775
Concept ID:
C0018946
Pathologic Function
Hemorrhage occurring between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.
Tetralogy of Fallot
MedGen UID:
21498
Concept ID:
C0039685
Congenital Abnormality
People with CCHD have one or more specific heart defects. The heart defects classified as CCHD include coarctation of the aorta, double-outlet right ventricle, D-transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with intact septum, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus.\n\nEach of the heart defects associated with CCHD affects the flow of blood into, out of, or through the heart. Some of the heart defects involve structures within the heart itself, such as the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) or the valves that control blood flow through the heart. Others affect the structure of the large blood vessels leading into and out of the heart (including the aorta and pulmonary artery). Still others involve a combination of these structural abnormalities.\n\nSome people with treated CCHD have few related health problems later in life. However, long-term effects of CCHD can include delayed development and reduced stamina during exercise. Adults with these heart defects have an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and premature death.\n\nAlthough babies with CCHD may appear healthy for the first few hours or days of life, signs and symptoms soon become apparent. These can include an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur), rapid breathing (tachypnea), low blood pressure (hypotension), low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia), and a blue or purple tint to the skin caused by a shortage of oxygen (cyanosis). If untreated, CCHD can lead to shock, coma, and death. However, most people with CCHD now survive past infancy due to improvements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.\n\nCritical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a term that refers to a group of serious heart defects that are present from birth. These abnormalities result from problems with the formation of one or more parts of the heart during the early stages of embryonic development. CCHD prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively or reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. As a result, organs and tissues throughout the body do not receive enough oxygen, which can lead to organ damage and life-threatening complications. Individuals with CCHD usually require surgery soon after birth.
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Meckel diverticulum
MedGen UID:
9917
Concept ID:
C0025037
Congenital Abnormality
Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum located in the distal ileum.
Liver failure
MedGen UID:
88444
Concept ID:
C0085605
Disease or Syndrome
A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body. Causes include cirrhosis and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Signs and symptoms include jaundice and encephalopathy. Laboratory test results reveal abnormal plasma levels of ammonia, bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.
Microtia
MedGen UID:
57535
Concept ID:
C0152423
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the external ear.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Posteriorly rotated ears
MedGen UID:
96566
Concept ID:
C0431478
Congenital Abnormality
A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).
Prominent antihelix
MedGen UID:
335147
Concept ID:
C1845272
Finding
The presence of an abnormally prominent antihelix.
Athetosis
MedGen UID:
2115
Concept ID:
C0004158
Disease or Syndrome
A slow, continuous, involuntary writhing movement that prevents maintenance of a stable posture. Athetosis involves continuous smooth movements that appear random and are not composed of recognizable sub-movements or movement fragments. In contrast to chorea, in athetosis, the same regions of the body are repeatedly involved. Athetosis may worsen with attempts at movement of posture, but athetosis can also occur at rest.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Cerebellar hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
120578
Concept ID:
C0266470
Congenital Abnormality
Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
333548
Concept ID:
C1840379
Finding
Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Large fontanelles
MedGen UID:
105329
Concept ID:
C0456132
Finding
In newborns, the two frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone are joined by fibrous sutures, which form a small posterior fontanelle, and a larger, diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle. These regions allow for the skull to pass the birth canal and for later growth. The fontanelles gradually ossify, whereby the posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks and the anterior fontanelle by the 9th to 16th month of age. Large fontanelles are diagnosed if the fontanelles are larger than age-dependent norms.
Short sternum
MedGen UID:
108394
Concept ID:
C0575497
Finding
Decreased inferosuperior length of the sternum.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Pectus excavatum
MedGen UID:
781174
Concept ID:
C2051831
Finding
A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Tongue nodules
MedGen UID:
116122
Concept ID:
C0241438
Finding
Glossoptosis
MedGen UID:
78623
Concept ID:
C0267048
Disease or Syndrome
Posterior displacement of the tongue into the pharynx, i.e., a tongue that is mislocalised posteriorly.
Short palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
98067
Concept ID:
C0423112
Finding
Distance between the medial and lateral canthi is more than 2 SD below the mean for age (objective); or, apparently reduced length of the palpebral fissures.
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Wide nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
341441
Concept ID:
C1849367
Finding
Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).
Underdeveloped supraorbital ridges
MedGen UID:
349384
Concept ID:
C1861869
Congenital Abnormality
Flatness of the supraorbital portion of the frontal bones.
Cleft palate
MedGen UID:
756015
Concept ID:
C2981150
Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Premature rupture of membranes
MedGen UID:
8826
Concept ID:
C0015944
Pathologic Function
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a condition which occurs in pregnancy when the amniotic sac ruptures more than an hour before the onset of labor.
Oligohydramnios
MedGen UID:
86974
Concept ID:
C0079924
Pathologic Function
Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Optic atrophy
MedGen UID:
18180
Concept ID:
C0029124
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTARP syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for TARP syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Gao ZY, Li L, Song JF, Chen W, Ma P, Wu JX
Braz J Anesthesiol 2022 Mar-Apr;72(2):286-290. Epub 2021 Apr 26 doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.04.007. PMID: 33915194Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Diagnosis

Manotas H, Payán-Gómez C, Roa MF, Piñeros JG
BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 24;14(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240601. PMID: 34031074Free PMC Article
Kumps C, D'haenens E, Vergult S, Leus J, van Coster R, Jansen A, Devriendt K, Oostra A, Vanakker OM
Clin Genet 2021 Mar;99(3):449-456. Epub 2021 Jan 5 doi: 10.1111/cge.13901. PMID: 33340101
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, McKinney J, Rac MWF, Gandhi M
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019 Dec;221(6):B10-B12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.022. PMID: 31787157
Niceta M, Barresi S, Pantaleoni F, Capolino R, Dentici ML, Ciolfi A, Pizzi S, Bartuli A, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Digilio MC
Eur J Med Genet 2019 Jun;62(6):103534. Epub 2018 Sep 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.001. PMID: 30189253
Kaeppler KE, Stetson RC, Lanpher BC, Collura CA
Am J Med Genet A 2018 Dec;176(12):2911-2914. Epub 2018 Nov 18 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40645. PMID: 30450804

Prognosis

Omorodion J, Tannenbaum L, O'Neill JP, Cummings C, Wojcik MH
Birth Defects Res 2023 Aug 1;115(13):1216-1221. Epub 2023 Jun 21 doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2212. PMID: 37340830
Manotas H, Payán-Gómez C, Roa MF, Piñeros JG
BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 24;14(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240601. PMID: 34031074Free PMC Article
Kumps C, D'haenens E, Vergult S, Leus J, van Coster R, Jansen A, Devriendt K, Oostra A, Vanakker OM
Clin Genet 2021 Mar;99(3):449-456. Epub 2021 Jan 5 doi: 10.1111/cge.13901. PMID: 33340101
Kaeppler KE, Stetson RC, Lanpher BC, Collura CA
Am J Med Genet A 2018 Dec;176(12):2911-2914. Epub 2018 Nov 18 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40645. PMID: 30450804
Johnston JJ, Sapp JC, Curry C, Horton M, Leon E, Cusmano-Ozog K, Dobyns WB, Hudgins L, Zackai E, Biesecker LG
Am J Med Genet A 2014 Jan;164A(1):120-8. Epub 2013 Nov 20 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36212. PMID: 24259342Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Larsen LA, Hitz MP
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1441:467-480. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_24. PMID: 38884726
Manotas H, Payán-Gómez C, Roa MF, Piñeros JG
BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 24;14(5) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240601. PMID: 34031074Free PMC Article
Sun Y, Bao Y, Han W, Song F, Shen X, Zhao J, Zuo J, Saffen D, Chen W, Wang Z, You X, Wang Y
Nucleic Acids Res 2017 Aug 21;45(14):8524-8540. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx508. PMID: 28586478Free PMC Article
Wang Y, Gogol-Döring A, Hu H, Fröhler S, Ma Y, Jens M, Maaskola J, Murakawa Y, Quedenau C, Landthaler M, Kalscheuer V, Wieczorek D, Wang Y, Hu Y, Chen W
EMBO Mol Med 2013 Sep;5(9):1431-42. Epub 2013 Aug 22 doi: 10.1002/emmm.201302663. PMID: 24000153Free PMC Article
Kurpinski KT, Magyari PA, Gorlin RJ, Ng D, Biesecker LG
Am J Med Genet A 2003 Jul 1;120A(1):1-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.10201. PMID: 12794682

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