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Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)

MedGen UID:
21345
•Concept ID:
C0038436
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: PTSD
SNOMED CT: Traumatic neurosis (47505003); PTSD - Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Post-traumatic stress syndrome (47505003); Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Posttraumatic stress disorder (47505003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005146

Definition

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-traumatic stress disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

A Review of PTSD and Current Treatment Strategies.
Schrader C, Ross A
Mo Med 2021 Nov-Dec;118(6):546-551. PMID: 34924624Free PMC Article
Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
The Role of Exercise in Management of Mental Health Disorders: An Integrative Review.
Smith PJ, Merwin RM
Annu Rev Med 2021 Jan 27;72:45-62. Epub 2020 Nov 30 doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022943. PMID: 33256493Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States: a systematic literature review.
Schein J, Houle C, Urganus A, Cloutier M, Patterson-Lomba O, Wang Y, King S, Levinson W, Guérin A, Lefebvre P, Davis LL
Curr Med Res Opin 2021 Dec;37(12):2151-2161. Epub 2021 Sep 23 doi: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1978417. PMID: 34498953
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Anxiety.
Dean E
Nurs Stand 2016 Jul 13;30(46):15. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.46.15.s17. PMID: 27406490
Prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Trauma: Current Evidence and Future Directions.
Qi W, Gevonden M, Shalev A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016 Feb;18(2):20. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0655-0. PMID: 26800995Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Merians AN, Spiller T, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH
Med Clin North Am 2023 Jan;107(1):85-99. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.003. PMID: 36402502
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
Maercker A, Cloitre M, Bachem R, Schlumpf YR, Khoury B, Hitchcock C, Bohus M
Lancet 2022 Jul 2;400(10345):60-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00821-2. PMID: 35780794
A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Post-traumatic stress disorder: theory and treatment update.
Kirkpatrick HA, Heller GM
Int J Psychiatry Med 2014;47(4):337-46. doi: 10.2190/PM.47.4.h. PMID: 25084856

Therapy

Family presence during resuscitation.
Afzali Rubin M, Svensson TL, Herling SF, Jabre P, Møller AM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 May 9;5(5):CD013619. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013619.pub2. PMID: 37159193Free PMC Article
Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
25 years of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): The EMDR therapy protocol, hypotheses of its mechanism of action and a systematic review of its efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Valiente-Gómez A, Lupo W, García F, Fernández I, Pérez V, Amann BL
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2018 Apr-Jun;11(2):101-114. Epub 2016 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002. PMID: 26877093
Psychological therapies for children and adolescents exposed to trauma.
Gillies D, Maiocchi L, Bhandari AP, Taylor F, Gray C, O'Brien L
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 11;10(10):CD012371. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012371. PMID: 27726123Free PMC Article
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Severe Maternal Morbidity.
Small MJ, Gondwe KW, Brown HL
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020 Sep;47(3):453-461. Epub 2020 May 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.04.004. PMID: 32762930
EMDR therapy in children and adolescents who have post-traumatic stress disorder: a six-week follow-up study.
Karadag M, Gokcen C, Sarp AS
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020 Mar;24(1):77-82. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1682171. PMID: 31663396
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease.
Edmondson D, von Känel R
Lancet Psychiatry 2017 Apr;4(4):320-329. Epub 2017 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30377-7. PMID: 28109646Free PMC Article
Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis.
Alisic E, Zalta AK, van Wesel F, Larsen SE, Hafstad GS, Hassanpour K, Smid GE
Br J Psychiatry 2014;204:335-40. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131227. PMID: 24785767

Clinical prediction guides

Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Post-traumatic Growth Among Muslim CPR Survivors.
Seyed Bagheri SH, Dehghan M, Khoshab H
J Relig Health 2020 Dec;59(6):3157-3167. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00946-z. PMID: 31701324
Trial of Prazosin for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans.
Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Chow B, Harris C, Davis-Karim A, Holmes HA, Hart KL, McFall M, Mellman TA, Reist C, Romesser J, Rosenheck R, Shih MC, Stein MB, Swift R, Gleason T, Lu Y, Huang GD
N Engl J Med 2018 Feb 8;378(6):507-517. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507598. PMID: 29414272
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic disease: improving causal inference to inform practice.
Koenen KC, Sumner JA, Gilsanz P, Glymour MM, Ratanatharathorn A, Rimm EB, Roberts AL, Winning A, Kubzansky LD
Psychol Med 2017 Jan;47(2):209-225. Epub 2016 Oct 4 doi: 10.1017/S0033291716002294. PMID: 27697083Free PMC Article
Literature review of post-traumatic stress disorder in the critical care population.
Morrissey M, Collier E
J Clin Nurs 2016 Jun;25(11-12):1501-14. Epub 2016 Apr 24 doi: 10.1111/jocn.13138. PMID: 27108662

Recent systematic reviews

Assessment tools for complex post traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review.
Seiler N, Davoodi K, Keem M, Das S
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023 Sep;27(3):292-300. Epub 2023 Apr 17 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2197965. PMID: 37067395
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological well-being, burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ramachandran HJ, Bin Mahmud MS, Rajendran P, Jiang Y, Cheng L, Wang W
J Clin Nurs 2023 Jun;32(11-12):2323-2338. Epub 2022 Feb 20 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16265. PMID: 35187740
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Hudays A, Gallagher R, Hazazi A, Arishi A, Bahari G
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Dec 15;19(24) doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416836. PMID: 36554717Free PMC Article
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yildiz PD, Ayers S, Phillips L
J Affect Disord 2017 Jan 15;208:634-645. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009. PMID: 27865585
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article

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