U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
Image
Figure 1
details

Short face

MedGen UID:
869039
•Concept ID:
C4023457
•
Anatomical Abnormality; Finding
Synonyms: Decreased height of face; Decreased length of face; Decreased vertical dimension of face; Short facies; Vertical deficiency of face; Vertical Facial Deficiency; Vertical facial insufficiency; Vertical hypoplasia of face; Vertical insufficiency of face; Vertical shortening of face
 
HPO: HP:0011219

Definition

Facial height (length) is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or an apparent decrease in the height (length) of the face (subjective). [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVShort face

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Esthetic Interdisciplinary Treatment: An Effective Approach to Address Complex Short-Face Adult Cases.
Chang CL, Chen S, Liou EJ
Compend Contin Educ Dent 2019 May;40(5):284-289; quiz 290. PMID: 31067069
Nonsurgical orthodontic treatment of a hypodivergent adult patient with bilateral posterior scissors bite and excessive overjet.
Nakamura M, Kawanabe N, Adachi R, Yamashiro T, Kamioka H
Angle Orthod 2019 Mar;89(2):333-349. Epub 2018 Aug 6 doi: 10.2319/111617-791.1. PMID: 30080111Free PMC Article
Growth modification of the face: A current perspective with emphasis on Class III treatment.
De Clerck HJ, Proffit WR
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015 Jul;148(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.017. PMID: 26124026

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Associations between the 3D position of the mental foramen with sagittal skeletal relationships (classes I, II, and III) and vertical facial growth patterns (normal, long, and short faces) in different ages and sexes: a retrospective cohort study of 360 CBCTs.
Bagheri S, Shokuhifar M, Moradinejad M, Razavi M, Hashemi Ashtiani A, Baratvand B, Rakhshan V
BMC Oral Health 2023 Dec 5;23(1):968. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03719-z. PMID: 38053168Free PMC Article
Intensive versus short face-to-face smoking cessation interventions: a meta-analysis.
Rasmussen M, Lauridsen SV, Pedersen B, Backer V, Tønnesen H
Eur Respir Rev 2022 Sep 30;31(165) Epub 2022 Aug 23 doi: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2022. PMID: 36002170Free PMC Article
Deception and self-deception.
Schwardmann P, van der Weele J
Nat Hum Behav 2019 Oct;3(10):1055-1061. Epub 2019 Jul 29 doi: 10.1038/s41562-019-0666-7. PMID: 31358973
Perceptions of laypersons and orthodontists regarding the buccal corridor in long- and short-face individuals.
Zange SE, Ramos AL, Cuoghi OA, de Mendonça MR, Suguino R
Angle Orthod 2011 Jan;81(1):86-90. doi: 10.2319/031210-145.1. PMID: 20936959Free PMC Article
The short face syndrome.
Opdebeeck H, Bell WH
Am J Orthod 1978 May;73(5):499-511. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(78)90240-3. PMID: 277066

Diagnosis

Intensive versus short face-to-face smoking cessation interventions: a meta-analysis.
Rasmussen M, Lauridsen SV, Pedersen B, Backer V, Tønnesen H
Eur Respir Rev 2022 Sep 30;31(165) Epub 2022 Aug 23 doi: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2022. PMID: 36002170Free PMC Article
Morphometric characteristics of cervical vertebrae in subjects with short, normal, and long faces.
Anusuya V, Sharan J, Jena AK
Surg Radiol Anat 2021 Jun;43(6):865-872. Epub 2020 Oct 31 doi: 10.1007/s00276-020-02599-0. PMID: 33128647
Esthetic Interdisciplinary Treatment: An Effective Approach to Address Complex Short-Face Adult Cases.
Chang CL, Chen S, Liou EJ
Compend Contin Educ Dent 2019 May;40(5):284-289; quiz 290. PMID: 31067069
Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea.
Capistrano A, Cordeiro A, Capelozza Filho L, Almeida VC, Silva PI, Martinez S, de Almeida-Pedrin RR
Dental Press J Orthod 2015 Nov-Dec;20(6):60-7. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.20.6.060-067.oar. PMID: 26691971Free PMC Article
Perceptions of laypersons and orthodontists regarding the buccal corridor in long- and short-face individuals.
Zange SE, Ramos AL, Cuoghi OA, de Mendonça MR, Suguino R
Angle Orthod 2011 Jan;81(1):86-90. doi: 10.2319/031210-145.1. PMID: 20936959Free PMC Article

Therapy

Achieving the Attractive Asian Midface Profile with Hyaluronic Acid-Based Fillers.
Ho WWS
Dermatol Clin 2024 Jan;42(1):113-120. Epub 2023 Aug 1 doi: 10.1016/j.det.2023.06.013. PMID: 37977677
Intensive versus short face-to-face smoking cessation interventions: a meta-analysis.
Rasmussen M, Lauridsen SV, Pedersen B, Backer V, Tønnesen H
Eur Respir Rev 2022 Sep 30;31(165) Epub 2022 Aug 23 doi: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2022. PMID: 36002170Free PMC Article
Long-term Effect of Face-to-Face vs Virtual Reality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training on Willingness to Perform CPR, Retention of Knowledge, and Dissemination of CPR Awareness: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Nas J, Thannhauser J, Konijnenberg LSF, van Geuns RM, van Royen N, Bonnes JL, Brouwer MA
JAMA Netw Open 2022 May 2;5(5):e2212964. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.12964. PMID: 35587346Free PMC Article
Facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea.
Capistrano A, Cordeiro A, Capelozza Filho L, Almeida VC, Silva PI, Martinez S, de Almeida-Pedrin RR
Dental Press J Orthod 2015 Nov-Dec;20(6):60-7. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.20.6.060-067.oar. PMID: 26691971Free PMC Article
Multiracial Facial Golden Ratio and Evaluation of Facial Appearance.
Alam MK, Mohd Noor NF, Basri R, Yew TF, Wen TH
PLoS One 2015;10(11):e0142914. Epub 2015 Nov 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142914. PMID: 26562655Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Cost minimization analysis for basic life support.
Castillo J, Gomar C, Rodriguez E, Trapero M, Gallart A
Resuscitation 2019 Jan;134:127-132. Epub 2018 Nov 11 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.11.008. PMID: 30428308
Analysis of reliability, accuracy, sensitivity and predictive value of a subjective method to classify facial pattern in adults.
Queiroz GV, Rino J Neto, Paiva JB, Capelozza L Filho
Dental Press J Orthod 2016 Nov-Dec;21(6):58-66. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.6.058-066.oar. PMID: 28125141Free PMC Article
Growth modification of the face: A current perspective with emphasis on Class III treatment.
De Clerck HJ, Proffit WR
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015 Jul;148(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.017. PMID: 26124026
Three-dimensional effect of pitch, roll, and yaw rotations on maxillomandibular complex movement.
Kim SJ, Lee KJ, Yu HS, Jung YS, Baik HS
J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015 Mar;43(2):264-73. Epub 2014 Nov 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.11.022. PMID: 25557879
Posttreatment changes in different facial types.
Zaher AR, Bishara SE, Jakobsen JR
Angle Orthod 1994;64(6):425-36. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(1994)064<0425:PCIDFT>2.0.CO;2. PMID: 7864464

Clinical prediction guides

Morphometric characteristics of cervical vertebrae in subjects with short, normal, and long faces.
Anusuya V, Sharan J, Jena AK
Surg Radiol Anat 2021 Jun;43(6):865-872. Epub 2020 Oct 31 doi: 10.1007/s00276-020-02599-0. PMID: 33128647
Subjective facial analysis and its correlation with dental relationships.
Siécola GS, Capelozza L Filho, Lorenzoni DC, Janson G, Henriques JFC
Dental Press J Orthod 2017 Mar-Apr;22(2):87-94. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.2.087-094.oar. PMID: 28658360Free PMC Article
Multiracial Facial Golden Ratio and Evaluation of Facial Appearance.
Alam MK, Mohd Noor NF, Basri R, Yew TF, Wen TH
PLoS One 2015;10(11):e0142914. Epub 2015 Nov 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142914. PMID: 26562655Free PMC Article
Growth modification of the face: A current perspective with emphasis on Class III treatment.
De Clerck HJ, Proffit WR
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015 Jul;148(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.017. PMID: 26124026
Perceptions of laypersons and orthodontists regarding the buccal corridor in long- and short-face individuals.
Zange SE, Ramos AL, Cuoghi OA, de Mendonça MR, Suguino R
Angle Orthod 2011 Jan;81(1):86-90. doi: 10.2319/031210-145.1. PMID: 20936959Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...