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Liquid stool

MedGen UID:
781207
•Concept ID:
C2129214
•
Sign or Symptom
Synonym: Loose stools
SNOMED CT: Loose stool (398032003); Liquid stool (398212009); Loose stools (398032003); LS - Loose stools (398032003); Loose motion (398032003); Loose bowel motions (398032003); Loose bowel movement (398032003); Fluid stool (398212009); Liquid feces (398212009); Watery stool (398212009); Loose feces (398032003)

Definition

Frequent, loose, and watery stools are noted in most infants, even if they are fed formula, until they are six to eight weeks old; after that, the stools become firmer and less frequent. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLiquid stool

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Fecal Incontinence: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Updated Treatment Strategies.
Menees S, Chey WD
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2022 Mar;51(1):71-91. Epub 2022 Jan 7 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.005. PMID: 35135666
Assessment, prevention and treatment of faecal incontinence in older people.
Bardsley A
Nurs Older People 2018 Sep 25;30(6):39-47. Epub 2018 Sep 14 doi: 10.7748/nop.2018.e1050. PMID: 30230289
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review.
Bagdasarian N, Rao K, Malani PN
JAMA 2015 Jan 27;313(4):398-408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17103. PMID: 25626036Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Faecal incontinence in adults.
Bharucha AE, Knowles CH, Mack I, Malcolm A, Oblizajek N, Rao S, Scott SM, Shin A, Enck P
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022 Aug 10;8(1):53. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00381-7. PMID: 35948559
Fecal Incontinence: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Updated Treatment Strategies.
Menees S, Chey WD
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2022 Mar;51(1):71-91. Epub 2022 Jan 7 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.005. PMID: 35135666
Prevention and management of moisture-associated skin damage.
Voegeli D, Hillery S
Br J Nurs 2021 Aug 12;30(15):S40-S46. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.15.S40. PMID: 34379461
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review.
Bagdasarian N, Rao K, Malani PN
JAMA 2015 Jan 27;313(4):398-408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17103. PMID: 25626036Free PMC Article
Fecal incontinence: the role of the urologist.
Unger CA, Goldman HB, Jelovsek JE
Curr Urol Rep 2014 Mar;15(3):388. doi: 10.1007/s11934-013-0388-8. PMID: 24482107

Diagnosis

Faecal incontinence in adults.
Bharucha AE, Knowles CH, Mack I, Malcolm A, Oblizajek N, Rao S, Scott SM, Shin A, Enck P
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022 Aug 10;8(1):53. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00381-7. PMID: 35948559
Fecal Incontinence: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Updated Treatment Strategies.
Menees S, Chey WD
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2022 Mar;51(1):71-91. Epub 2022 Jan 7 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.005. PMID: 35135666
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review.
Bagdasarian N, Rao K, Malani PN
JAMA 2015 Jan 27;313(4):398-408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17103. PMID: 25626036Free PMC Article
Fecal incontinence: the role of the urologist.
Unger CA, Goldman HB, Jelovsek JE
Curr Urol Rep 2014 Mar;15(3):388. doi: 10.1007/s11934-013-0388-8. PMID: 24482107
Encopresis and soiling.
Loening-Baucke V
Pediatr Clin North Am 1996 Feb;43(1):279-98. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70406-5. PMID: 8596685

Therapy

Upadacitinib Reduces Crohn's Disease Symptoms Within the First Week of Induction Therapy.
Colombel JF, Hisamatsu T, Atreya R, Bresso F, Thin L, Panaccione R, Parra RS, Ford S, Remple VP, Lacerda AP, Anyanwu SI, Mallick M, Garrison A, Regueiro M
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024 Aug;22(8):1668-1677. Epub 2024 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.027. PMID: 38492903
The Implications of Pouch Physiology.
Church J
Dis Colon Rectum 2019 Apr;62(4):510-512. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001257. PMID: 30844976
Medicinal plants and natural molecules with in vitro and in vivo activity against rotavirus: A systematic review.
Gandhi GR, Barreto PG, Lima BD, Quintans JS, Araújo AA, Narain N, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Gurgel RQ
Phytomedicine 2016 Dec 15;23(14):1830-1842. Epub 2016 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.005. PMID: 27912886
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review.
Bagdasarian N, Rao K, Malani PN
JAMA 2015 Jan 27;313(4):398-408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17103. PMID: 25626036Free PMC Article
How to resolve stool retention in a child. Underwear soiling is not a behavior problem.
Griffin GC, Roberts SD, Graham G
Postgrad Med 1999 Jan;105(1):159-61, 165-6, 172-3. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1999.01.506. PMID: 9924501

Prognosis

Prognostic factors for the development of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD): A systematic review.
Deprez J, Ohde N, Eilegård Wallin A, Bååth C, Hommel A, Hultin L, Josefson A, Kottner J, Beeckman D
Int Wound J 2024 Jul;21(7):e14962. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14962. PMID: 39016196Free PMC Article
The long-term gastrointestinal functional outcomes following curative anterior resection in adults with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scheer AS, Boushey RP, Liang S, Doucette S, O'Connor AM, Moher D
Dis Colon Rectum 2011 Dec;54(12):1589-97. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0b013e3182214f11. PMID: 22067190
Anorectal function following low anterior resection.
Rasmussen OO, Petersen IK, Christiansen J
Colorectal Dis 2003 May;5(3):258-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1463-1318.2003.00439.x. PMID: 12780889
Internal anal sphincter repair.
Leroi AM, Kamm MA, Weber J, Denis P, Hawley PR
Int J Colorectal Dis 1997;12(4):243-5. doi: 10.1007/s003840050098. PMID: 9272456
Liquid stool incontinence with severe urgency: anorectal function and effective biofeedback treatment.
Chiarioni G, Scattolini C, Bonfante F, Vantini I
Gut 1993 Nov;34(11):1576-80. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.11.1576. PMID: 8244147Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Upadacitinib Reduces Crohn's Disease Symptoms Within the First Week of Induction Therapy.
Colombel JF, Hisamatsu T, Atreya R, Bresso F, Thin L, Panaccione R, Parra RS, Ford S, Remple VP, Lacerda AP, Anyanwu SI, Mallick M, Garrison A, Regueiro M
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024 Aug;22(8):1668-1677. Epub 2024 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.027. PMID: 38492903
A comparison of faecal incontinence scoring systems.
Colbran R, Gillespie C, Ayvaz F, Warwick AM
Colorectal Dis 2021 Jul;23(7):1860-1865. Epub 2021 May 7 doi: 10.1111/codi.15634. PMID: 33724629
Fecal Continence for Solid and Liquid Stool: The Function of the Anal-External Sphincter Continence Reflex and the Puborectal Continence Reflex.
Jonker JE, Trzpis M, Broens PMA
Dis Colon Rectum 2020 Oct;63(10):1419-1426. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001615. PMID: 32969885
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review.
Bagdasarian N, Rao K, Malani PN
JAMA 2015 Jan 27;313(4):398-408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17103. PMID: 25626036Free PMC Article
Management of adult patients with buttock and perineal burns: The Ross Tilley Burn Centre experience.
Merchant N, Boudana D, Willoughby L, Lin J, Rehou S, Shahrokhi S, Jeschke MG
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014 Oct;77(4):640-8. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000405. PMID: 25250608Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Prognostic factors for the development of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD): A systematic review.
Deprez J, Ohde N, Eilegård Wallin A, Bååth C, Hommel A, Hultin L, Josefson A, Kottner J, Beeckman D
Int Wound J 2024 Jul;21(7):e14962. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14962. PMID: 39016196Free PMC Article
Medicinal plants and natural molecules with in vitro and in vivo activity against rotavirus: A systematic review.
Gandhi GR, Barreto PG, Lima BD, Quintans JS, Araújo AA, Narain N, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Gurgel RQ
Phytomedicine 2016 Dec 15;23(14):1830-1842. Epub 2016 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.11.005. PMID: 27912886
Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in adults: a systematic review.
Bagdasarian N, Rao K, Malani PN
JAMA 2015 Jan 27;313(4):398-408. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.17103. PMID: 25626036Free PMC Article
Drug treatment for faecal incontinence in adults.
Omar MI, Alexander CE
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Jun 11;2013(6):CD002116. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002116.pub2. PMID: 23757096Free PMC Article
The long-term gastrointestinal functional outcomes following curative anterior resection in adults with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scheer AS, Boushey RP, Liang S, Doucette S, O'Connor AM, Moher D
Dis Colon Rectum 2011 Dec;54(12):1589-97. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0b013e3182214f11. PMID: 22067190

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