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Gender dysphoria

MedGen UID:
673229
•Concept ID:
C0686346
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Disorder, Gender Identity; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity Disorder; Gender Identity Disorders; Identity Disorder, Gender
SNOMED CT: Gender dysphoria (93461009); Gender identity dysphoria (93461009)
 
Orphanet: ORPHA459690

Definition

A marked difference between the individual''s expressed/experienced gender and the gender others would assign to the individual, and it must continue for at least six months. (from DSM-5) [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGender dysphoria

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder and autism: epidemiology, etiology, complications, treatment, and outcome.
Keski-Rahkonen A, Ruusunen A
Curr Opin Psychiatry 2023 Nov 1;36(6):438-442. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000896. PMID: 37781978
Hormonal Gender Reassignment Treatment for Gender Dysphoria.
Meyer G, Boczek U, Bojunga J
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2020 Oct 23;117(43):725-732. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0725. PMID: 33559593Free PMC Article
Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, Rosenthal SM, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, T'Sjoen GG
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Nov 1;102(11):3869-3903. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01658. PMID: 28945902

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care.
Tordoff DM, Wanta JW, Collin A, Stepney C, Inwards-Breland DJ, Ahrens K
JAMA Netw Open 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220978. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0978. PMID: 35212746Free PMC Article
Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria in childhood and adolescence-current insights in diagnostics, management, and follow-up.
Claahsen-van der Grinten H, Verhaak C, Steensma T, Middelberg T, Roeffen J, Klink D
Eur J Pediatr 2021 May;180(5):1349-1357. Epub 2020 Dec 18 doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03906-y. PMID: 33337526Free PMC Article
Considerations for the Care of Transgender Individuals.
Abeln B, Love R
Nurs Clin North Am 2019 Dec;54(4):551-559. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2019.07.005. PMID: 31703780
Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, Rosenthal SM, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, T'Sjoen GG
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Nov 1;102(11):3869-3903. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01658. PMID: 28945902
Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review.
Van Der Miesen AI, Hurley H, De Vries AL
Int Rev Psychiatry 2016;28(1):70-80. Epub 2016 Jan 12 doi: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1111199. PMID: 26753812

Diagnosis

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
Kallitsounaki A, Williams DM
J Autism Dev Disord 2023 Aug;53(8):3103-3117. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y. PMID: 35596023Free PMC Article
Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, Rosenthal SM, Safer JD, Tangpricha V, T'Sjoen GG
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Nov 1;102(11):3869-3903. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01658. PMID: 28945902
Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity.
Zucker KJ
Sex Health 2017 Oct;14(5):404-411. doi: 10.1071/SH17067. PMID: 28838353
Gender dysphoria in childhood.
Ristori J, Steensma TD
Int Rev Psychiatry 2016;28(1):13-20. Epub 2016 Jan 12 doi: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1115754. PMID: 26754056
Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review.
Van Der Miesen AI, Hurley H, De Vries AL
Int Rev Psychiatry 2016;28(1):70-80. Epub 2016 Jan 12 doi: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1111199. PMID: 26753812

Therapy

Mental health in transgender individuals: a systematic review.
Pinna F, Paribello P, Somaini G, Corona A, Ventriglio A, Corrias C, Frau I, Murgia R, El Kacemi S, Galeazzi GM, Mirandola M, Amaddeo F, Crapanzano A, Converti M, Piras P, Suprani F, Manchia M, Fiorillo A, Carpiniello B; Italian Working Group on LGBTQI Mental Health
Int Rev Psychiatry 2022 May-Jun;34(3-4):292-359. Epub 2022 Jul 27 doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2093629. PMID: 36151828
"Staging" in Phalloplasty.
Danker S, Esmonde N, Berli JU
Urol Clin North Am 2019 Nov;46(4):581-590. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2019.07.011. PMID: 31582031
Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lai MC, Kassee C, Besney R, Bonato S, Hull L, Mandy W, Szatmari P, Ameis SH
Lancet Psychiatry 2019 Oct;6(10):819-829. Epub 2019 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30289-5. PMID: 31447415
Transgender bone health.
Davidge-Pitts C, Clarke BL
Maturitas 2019 Sep;127:35-42. Epub 2019 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.05.002. PMID: 31351518
Chondrolaryngoplasty-Thyroid Cartilage Reduction.
Sturm A, Chaiet SR
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 May;27(2):267-272. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.01.005. PMID: 30940393

Prognosis

Long-term Outcomes After Gender-Affirming Surgery: 40-Year Follow-up Study.
Park RH, Liu YT, Samuel A, Gurganus M, Gampper TJ, Corbett ST, Shahane A, Stranix JT
Ann Plast Surg 2022 Oct 1;89(4):431-436. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003233. PMID: 36149983
Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Population.
Aranda G, Halperin I, Gomez-Gil E, Hanzu FA, Seguí N, Guillamon A, Mora M
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:718200. Epub 2021 Sep 30 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.718200. PMID: 34659112Free PMC Article
Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria in childhood and adolescence-current insights in diagnostics, management, and follow-up.
Claahsen-van der Grinten H, Verhaak C, Steensma T, Middelberg T, Roeffen J, Klink D
Eur J Pediatr 2021 May;180(5):1349-1357. Epub 2020 Dec 18 doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03906-y. PMID: 33337526Free PMC Article
Gender Dysphoria, Eating Disorders and Body Image: An Overview.
Milano W, Ambrosio P, Carizzone F, De Biasio V, Foggia G, Capasso A
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020;20(4):518-524. doi: 10.2174/1871530319666191015193120. PMID: 31644411
Gender dysphoria.
Atkinson SR, Russell D
Aust Fam Physician 2015;44(11):792-6. PMID: 26590617

Clinical prediction guides

Gender medicine: effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular disease manifestation and outcomes.
Regitz-Zagrosek V, Gebhard C
Nat Rev Cardiol 2023 Apr;20(4):236-247. Epub 2022 Oct 31 doi: 10.1038/s41569-022-00797-4. PMID: 36316574Free PMC Article
How Autogynephilic Are Natal Females?
Bailey JM, Hsu KJ
Arch Sex Behav 2022 Oct;51(7):3311-3318. Epub 2022 Jun 27 doi: 10.1007/s10508-022-02359-8. PMID: 35759067
Mental Health Outcomes in Transgender and Nonbinary Youths Receiving Gender-Affirming Care.
Tordoff DM, Wanta JW, Collin A, Stepney C, Inwards-Breland DJ, Ahrens K
JAMA Netw Open 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e220978. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0978. PMID: 35212746Free PMC Article
Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus: Relationship to gender identity and sexual orientation.
Swaab DF, Wolff SEC, Bao AM
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;181:427-443. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820683-6.00031-2. PMID: 34238476
Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lai MC, Kassee C, Besney R, Bonato S, Hull L, Mandy W, Szatmari P, Ameis SH
Lancet Psychiatry 2019 Oct;6(10):819-829. Epub 2019 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30289-5. PMID: 31447415

Recent systematic reviews

Transidentities and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review.
Bouzy J, Brunelle J, Cohen D, Condat A
Psychiatry Res 2023 May;323:115176. Epub 2023 Mar 28 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115176. PMID: 36996732
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
Kallitsounaki A, Williams DM
J Autism Dev Disord 2023 Aug;53(8):3103-3117. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y. PMID: 35596023Free PMC Article
Mental health in transgender individuals: a systematic review.
Pinna F, Paribello P, Somaini G, Corona A, Ventriglio A, Corrias C, Frau I, Murgia R, El Kacemi S, Galeazzi GM, Mirandola M, Amaddeo F, Crapanzano A, Converti M, Piras P, Suprani F, Manchia M, Fiorillo A, Carpiniello B; Italian Working Group on LGBTQI Mental Health
Int Rev Psychiatry 2022 May-Jun;34(3-4):292-359. Epub 2022 Jul 27 doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2093629. PMID: 36151828
The phenomenology of gender dysphoria in adults: A systematic review and meta-synthesis.
Cooper K, Russell A, Mandy W, Butler C
Clin Psychol Rev 2020 Aug;80:101875. Epub 2020 Jun 11 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101875. PMID: 32629301Free PMC Article
Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lai MC, Kassee C, Besney R, Bonato S, Hull L, Mandy W, Szatmari P, Ameis SH
Lancet Psychiatry 2019 Oct;6(10):819-829. Epub 2019 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30289-5. PMID: 31447415

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Table of contents

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