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Megacolon

MedGen UID:
6285
•Concept ID:
C0025160
•
Pathologic Function
Synonym: Megacolons
SNOMED CT: Megacolon (33995003); Dilatation of colon (33995003)
 
HPO: HP:6000852
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001273

Definition

Persistent and substantial increase in diameter diameter and length of the colon. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.
Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.
Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951
Hirschsprung's disease: diagnosis and management.
Kessmann J
Am Fam Physician 2006 Oct 15;74(8):1319-22. PMID: 17087425

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A Review of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.
Abad CLR, Safdar N
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):323-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34024444
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.
Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.
Saunders MD
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007;21(4):671-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.03.001. PMID: 17643908
Sigmoid volvulus an update.
Lal SK, Morgenstern R, Vinjirayer EP, Matin A
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2006 Jan;16(1):175-87. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2006.01.010. PMID: 16546032
Clostridium difficile.
Settle CD
Br J Hosp Med 1996 Oct 16-Nov 5;56(8):398-400. PMID: 8909713

Diagnosis

Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.
Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253
Chronic Megacolon Presenting in Adolescents or Adults: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Genetic Associations.
Wang XJ, Camilleri M
Dig Dis Sci 2019 Oct;64(10):2750-2756. Epub 2019 Apr 5 doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05605-7. PMID: 30953226Free PMC Article
Toxic megacolon.
Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC
Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012 Mar;18(3):584-91. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21847. PMID: 22009735
Toxic megacolon.
Present DH
Med Clin North Am 1993 Sep;77(5):1129-48. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30214-0. PMID: 8371619
HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE.
NIXON HH
Arch Dis Child 1964 Apr;39(204):109-15. doi: 10.1136/adc.39.204.109. PMID: 14131948Free PMC Article

Therapy

Clostridioides difficile Colitis.
Pumiglia L, Wilson L, Rashidi L
Surg Clin North Am 2024 Jun;104(3):545-556. Epub 2023 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.11.005. PMID: 38677819
A Review of Clostridioides difficile Infection and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea.
Abad CLR, Safdar N
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021 Jun;50(2):323-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34024444
Approach to the patient with infectious colitis: clinical features, work-up and treatment.
Iqbal T, DuPont HL
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021 Jan;37(1):66-75. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000693. PMID: 33105253
Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management.
Mounsey A, Lacy Smith K, Reddy VC, Nickolich S
Am Fam Physician 2020 Feb 1;101(3):168-175. PMID: 32003951
Clostridium difficile infection and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
Mullish BH, Williams HR
Clin Med (Lond) 2018 Jun;18(3):237-241. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-3-237. PMID: 29858434Free PMC Article

Prognosis

A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis().
Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, Ziade N, Hashash JG
Dis Mon 2019 Dec;65(12):100851. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.02.004. PMID: 30837080
Clostridium difficile infection.
Alcalá Hernández L, Reigadas Ramírez E, Bouza Santiago E
Med Clin (Barc) 2017 May 23;148(10):456-463. Epub 2017 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.01.033. PMID: 28396132
Chagas disease.
Teixeira AR, Nitz N, Guimaro MC, Gomes C, Santos-Buch CA
Postgrad Med J 2006 Dec;82(974):788-98. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047357. PMID: 17148699Free PMC Article
Toxic megacolon.
Sheth SG, LaMont JT
Lancet 1998 Feb 14;351(9101):509-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10475-5. PMID: 9482465
Toxic megacolon.
Present DH
Med Clin North Am 1993 Sep;77(5):1129-48. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30214-0. PMID: 8371619

Clinical prediction guides

A comprehensive review and update on ulcerative colitis().
Gajendran M, Loganathan P, Jimenez G, Catinella AP, Ng N, Umapathy C, Ziade N, Hashash JG
Dis Mon 2019 Dec;65(12):100851. Epub 2019 Mar 2 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2019.02.004. PMID: 30837080
Infectious diseases causing autonomic dysfunction.
Carod-Artal FJ
Clin Auton Res 2018 Feb;28(1):67-81. Epub 2017 Jul 20 doi: 10.1007/s10286-017-0452-4. PMID: 28730326
Surgical Management of Toxic Megacolon.
Tapani MJ, Olavi KH
Hepatogastroenterology 2014 May;61(131):638-41. PMID: 26176049
Chagas disease.
Teixeira AR, Nitz N, Guimaro MC, Gomes C, Santos-Buch CA
Postgrad Med J 2006 Dec;82(974):788-98. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047357. PMID: 17148699Free PMC Article
Clostridium difficile-associated colitis.
Hull MW, Beck PL
Can Fam Physician 2004 Nov;50:1536-40, 1543-5. PMID: 15597970Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

CT features of toxic megacolon: A systematic review.
Eghbali E, Akhavi Milani A, Shirmohamadi M, Hosseinifard H
Radiography (Lond) 2021 May;27(2):716-720. Epub 2020 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.019. PMID: 33189537
Symptoms and diagnostic criteria of acquired Megacolon - a systematic literature review.
Cuda T, Gunnarsson R, de Costa A
BMC Gastroenterol 2018 Jan 31;18(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0753-7. PMID: 29385992Free PMC Article
Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work?
Moura FA, de Andrade KQ, Dos Santos JCF, Araújo ORP, Goulart MOF
Redox Biol 2015 Dec;6:617-639. Epub 2015 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006. PMID: 26520808Free PMC Article
Association of Hirschsprung's disease and anorectal malformation: a systematic review.
Hofmann AD, Puri P
Pediatr Surg Int 2013 Sep;29(9):913-7. doi: 10.1007/s00383-013-3352-2. PMID: 23948812
Systematic review of surgical options for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon.
Gladman MA, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ, Williams NS
Ann Surg 2005 Apr;241(4):562-74. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000157140.69695.d3. PMID: 15798457Free PMC Article

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