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Phlebolith

MedGen UID:
508040
•Concept ID:
C0031547
•
Acquired Abnormality
Synonym: Phleboliths
SNOMED CT: Phlebolithiasis (37876005); Phlebolith (37876005)
 
HPO: HP:6000661

Definition

A calcified structure that forms within a vein. The pathogenesis of phleboliths is thought to involve an organized thrombus produced when the peripheral blood flow slows. The thrombus calcifies, form- ing the core of the phlebolith. Then, the fibrinous com- ponent undergoes secondary calcification and becomes attached. Repetition of this process causes enlargement of the phlebolith. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPhlebolith

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The value of unenhanced helical computerized tomography in the management of acute flank pain.
Dalrymple NC, Verga M, Anderson KR, Bove P, Covey AM, Rosenfield AT, Smith RC
J Urol 1998 Mar;159(3):735-40. PMID: 9474137

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Can Artificial Intelligence Accurately Detect Urinary Stones? A Systematic Review.
Panthier F, Melchionna A, Crawford-Smith H, Phillipou Y, Choong S, Arumuham V, Allen S, Allen C, Smith D
J Endourol 2024 Aug;38(8):725-740. Epub 2024 May 30 doi: 10.1089/end.2023.0717. PMID: 38666692
Application of Radiomics Model of CT Images in the Identification of Ureteral Calculus and Phlebolith.
Yu Q, Liu J, Lin H, Lei P, Fan B
Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:5478908. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1155/2022/5478908. PMID: 36474549Free PMC Article
Vascular malformation of tongue with phlebothrombosis/phlebolith in a young patient: an unusual presentation.
Davila-Villa P, Padilla-Rosas M, Meza-García G, Nava-Villalba M
BMJ Case Rep 2022 Mar 7;15(3) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245850. PMID: 35256361Free PMC Article
Is This Your Stone? Distinguishing Phleboliths and Nephroliths on Imaging in the Emergency Department Setting.
Carius BM, Long B
J Emerg Med 2022 Mar;62(3):316-323. Epub 2022 Jan 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.10.034. PMID: 35058092
Cavernous hemangioma with large phlebolith of the parotid gland.
Choi HJ, Lee JC, Kim JH, Lee YM, Lee HJ
J Craniofac Surg 2013 Nov;24(6):e621-3. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2d87b. PMID: 24220486

Diagnosis

Tail sign: Phlebolith.
Xiang H, Han J, Ridley WE, Ridley LJ
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018 Oct;62 Suppl 1:113. doi: 10.1111/1754-9485.56_12784. PMID: 30309081
Cavernous hemangioma with large phlebolith of the parotid gland.
Choi HJ, Lee JC, Kim JH, Lee YM, Lee HJ
J Craniofac Surg 2013 Nov;24(6):e621-3. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2d87b. PMID: 24220486
An unusual tonsillolith.
Sezer B, Tugsel Z, Bilgen C
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003 Apr;95(4):471-3. doi: 10.1067/moe.2003.65. PMID: 12686933
Infiltrating angiolipoma with phlebolith formation.
De Orchis D, Ozonoff MB
Skeletal Radiol 1986;15(6):464-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00355107. PMID: 3764475
Masseter muscle phlebolith.
Abramson AL
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1970 Feb;79(1):113-6. doi: 10.1177/000348947007900111. PMID: 5416300

Therapy

Application of Radiomics Model of CT Images in the Identification of Ureteral Calculus and Phlebolith.
Yu Q, Liu J, Lin H, Lei P, Fan B
Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:5478908. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1155/2022/5478908. PMID: 36474549Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Application of Radiomics Model of CT Images in the Identification of Ureteral Calculus and Phlebolith.
Yu Q, Liu J, Lin H, Lei P, Fan B
Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:5478908. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1155/2022/5478908. PMID: 36474549Free PMC Article
Value of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI in Predicting Response to Foam Sclerotherapy of Venous Malformations.
Xia Z, Gu H, Yuan Y, Xiang S, Zhang Z, Tao X
J Magn Reson Imaging 2021 Oct;54(4):1108-1116. Epub 2021 May 15 doi: 10.1002/jmri.27657. PMID: 33991357
Pelvic Phlebolith: A Trivial Pursuit for the Urologist?
Luk AC, Cleaveland P, Olson L, Neilson D, Srirangam SJ
J Endourol 2017 Apr;31(4):342-347. Epub 2017 Feb 17 doi: 10.1089/end.2016.0861. PMID: 28114785
Differentiation of ureteral stones and phleboliths using Hounsfield units on computerized tomography: a new method without observer bias.
Tanidir Y, Sahan A, Asutay MK, Sener TE, Talibzade F, Garayev A, Tinay I, Sekerci CA, Simsek F
Urolithiasis 2017 Jun;45(3):323-328. Epub 2016 Sep 16 doi: 10.1007/s00240-016-0918-1. PMID: 27638519
Cavernous hemangioma with large phlebolith of the parotid gland.
Choi HJ, Lee JC, Kim JH, Lee YM, Lee HJ
J Craniofac Surg 2013 Nov;24(6):e621-3. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2d87b. PMID: 24220486

Clinical prediction guides

Can Artificial Intelligence Accurately Detect Urinary Stones? A Systematic Review.
Panthier F, Melchionna A, Crawford-Smith H, Phillipou Y, Choong S, Arumuham V, Allen S, Allen C, Smith D
J Endourol 2024 Aug;38(8):725-740. Epub 2024 May 30 doi: 10.1089/end.2023.0717. PMID: 38666692
Application of Radiomics Model of CT Images in the Identification of Ureteral Calculus and Phlebolith.
Yu Q, Liu J, Lin H, Lei P, Fan B
Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:5478908. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1155/2022/5478908. PMID: 36474549Free PMC Article
Perforating osteoma cutis: case report and literature review of patients with a solitary perforating osteoma cutis lesion.
Cohen PR
Dermatol Online J 2018 Mar 15;24(3) PMID: 29634878
Cavernous hemangioma with hematoma in the chest wall due to penetration from the anterior mediastinum.
Nakamura H, Miwa K, Miyoshi K, Adachi Y, Fujioka S, Taniguchi Y
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007 Apr;55(4):184-6. doi: 10.1007/s11748-007-0100-3. PMID: 17491358
An unusual tonsillolith.
Sezer B, Tugsel Z, Bilgen C
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003 Apr;95(4):471-3. doi: 10.1067/moe.2003.65. PMID: 12686933

Recent systematic reviews

Can Artificial Intelligence Accurately Detect Urinary Stones? A Systematic Review.
Panthier F, Melchionna A, Crawford-Smith H, Phillipou Y, Choong S, Arumuham V, Allen S, Allen C, Smith D
J Endourol 2024 Aug;38(8):725-740. Epub 2024 May 30 doi: 10.1089/end.2023.0717. PMID: 38666692

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