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Bacterial vaginosis

MedGen UID:
43118
•Concept ID:
C0085166
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Bacterial Vaginitides; Bacterial Vaginitis; Bacterial Vaginoses; Bacterial Vaginosis; Nonspecific Vaginitis; Vaginitides, Bacterial; Vaginitis, Bacterial; Vaginitis, Nonspecific; Vaginoses, Bacterial; Vaginosis, Bacterial
SNOMED CT: Bacterial vaginosis (419760006); BV - Bacterial vaginosis (419760006); Bacterial vaginitis (419760006); Nonspecific bacterial vaginosis (419760006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005316

Definition

Infection caused by bacterial overgrowth in the vagina. Most affected women are asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they include foul-smelling vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, and burning. Risk factors include sexual activity with multiple partners and the use of vaginal douches and intrauterine devices. Up to a third of cases resolve without treatment. Antibiotic treatment is recommended when symptoms are present and for women that are pregnant at the time of infection. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBacterial vaginosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.
Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, Johnston CM, Muzny CA, Park I, Reno H, Zenilman JM, Bolan GA
MMWR Recomm Rep 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1. PMID: 34292926Free PMC Article
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention.
Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):357-364. PMID: 31524362
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Paladine HL, Desai UA
Am Fam Physician 2018 Mar 1;97(5):321-329. PMID: 29671516

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Infectious Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
Shroff S
Med Clin North Am 2023 Mar;107(2):299-315. Epub 2022 Dec 26 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.009. PMID: 36759099
Bacterial Vaginosis: What Do We Currently Know?
Abou Chacra L, Fenollar F, Diop K
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:672429. Epub 2022 Jan 18 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672429. PMID: 35118003Free PMC Article
Vaginal microbiome: normalcy vs dysbiosis.
Saraf VS, Sheikh SA, Ahmad A, Gillevet PM, Bokhari H, Javed S
Arch Microbiol 2021 Sep;203(7):3793-3802. Epub 2021 Jun 13 doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02414-3. PMID: 34120200
Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Ravel J, Moreno I, Simón C
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;224(3):251-257. Epub 2020 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.019. PMID: 33091407
Bacterial vaginosis-A brief synopsis of the literature.
Coudray MS, Madhivanan P
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020 Feb;245:143-148. Epub 2019 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.035. PMID: 31901667Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Bacterial vaginosis.
Braunstein M, Selk A
CMAJ 2024 Jun 2;196(21):E728. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.231688. PMID: 38830679Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Management of Vaginitis.
Marnach ML, Wygant JN, Casey PM
Mayo Clin Proc 2022 Feb;97(2):347-358. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.022. PMID: 35120697
Bacterial Vaginosis: What Do We Currently Know?
Abou Chacra L, Fenollar F, Diop K
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:672429. Epub 2022 Jan 18 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672429. PMID: 35118003Free PMC Article
Bacterial vaginosis-A brief synopsis of the literature.
Coudray MS, Madhivanan P
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020 Feb;245:143-148. Epub 2019 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.035. PMID: 31901667Free PMC Article
Bacterial vaginosis: A practical review.
Bagnall P, Rizzolo D
JAAPA 2017 Dec;30(12):15-21. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000526770.60197.fa. PMID: 29135564

Therapy

Bacterial vaginosis and biofilms: Therapeutic challenges and innovations - A narrative review.
Lachyan A, Khunger N, Panda PS
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024 Nov-Dec;90(6):750-754. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_1322_2023. PMID: 39152871
Non-antibiotic Treatment Modalities for Bacterial Vaginosis.
Adelia S, Ardelia A, Susetiati DA
Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024;24(2):e201023222451. doi: 10.2174/0118715265250557231011065142. PMID: 37870053
Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis.
Cohen CR, Wierzbicki MR, French AL, Morris S, Newmann S, Reno H, Green L, Miller S, Powell J, Parks T, Hemmerling A
N Engl J Med 2020 May 14;382(20):1906-1915. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915254. PMID: 32402161Free PMC Article
Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.
van Schalkwyk J, Yudin MH; INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMMITTEE
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015 Mar;37(3):266-274. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30316-9. PMID: 26001874
Bacterial vaginosis.
Spaulding C
J Fam Pract 1995 Dec;41(6):605-6. PMID: 7500074

Prognosis

Host and Microbiome Interplay Shapes the Vaginal Microenvironment.
Kwon MS, Lee HK
Front Immunol 2022;13:919728. Epub 2022 Jun 28 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919728. PMID: 35837395Free PMC Article
Bacterial vaginosis-A brief synopsis of the literature.
Coudray MS, Madhivanan P
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020 Feb;245:143-148. Epub 2019 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.035. PMID: 31901667Free PMC Article
Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead.
Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, de Vries HJC, Francis SC, Mabey D, Marrazzo JM, Sonder GJB, Schwebke JR, Hoornenborg E, Peeling RW, Philip SS, Low N, Fairley CK
Lancet Infect Dis 2017 Aug;17(8):e235-e279. Epub 2017 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30310-9. PMID: 28701272
Vaginitis: Beyond the Basics.
Mills BB
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2017 Jun;44(2):159-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.010. PMID: 28499528
Bacterial vaginosis.
Biswas MK
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993 Mar;36(1):166-76. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199303000-00022. PMID: 8435941

Clinical prediction guides

Non-antibiotic Treatment Modalities for Bacterial Vaginosis.
Adelia S, Ardelia A, Susetiati DA
Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024;24(2):e201023222451. doi: 10.2174/0118715265250557231011065142. PMID: 37870053
The Use of Machine Learning for Image Analysis Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Microbiology.
Burns BL, Rhoads DD, Misra A
J Clin Microbiol 2023 Sep 21;61(9):e0233621. Epub 2023 Jul 3 doi: 10.1128/jcm.02336-21. PMID: 37395657Free PMC Article
Impact of Lactobacillus crispatus-containing oral and vaginal probiotics on vaginal health: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial.
Mändar R, Sõerunurk G, Štšepetova J, Smidt I, Rööp T, Kõljalg S, Saare M, Ausmees K, Le DD, Jaagura M, Piiskop S, Tamm H, Salumets A
Benef Microbes 2023 Apr 18;14(2):143-152. Epub 2023 Mar 1 doi: 10.3920/BM2022.0091. PMID: 36856121
Bacterial Vaginosis: What Do We Currently Know?
Abou Chacra L, Fenollar F, Diop K
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:672429. Epub 2022 Jan 18 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672429. PMID: 35118003Free PMC Article
Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis.
van Schalkwyk J, Yudin MH; INFECTIOUS DISEASE COMMITTEE
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2015 Mar;37(3):266-274. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30316-9. PMID: 26001874

Recent systematic reviews

Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to Vaginal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review.
Zheng N, Guo R, Wang J, Zhou W, Ling Z
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021;11:792787. Epub 2021 Nov 22 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.792787. PMID: 34881196Free PMC Article
Lactobacilli-containing vaginal probiotics to cure or prevent bacterial or fungal vaginal dysbiosis: a systematic review and recommendations for future trial designs.
van de Wijgert J, Verwijs MC
BJOG 2020 Jan;127(2):287-299. Epub 2019 Aug 8 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15870. PMID: 31299136
High Global Burden and Costs of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Peebles K, Velloza J, Balkus JE, McClelland RS, Barnabas RV
Sex Transm Dis 2019 May;46(5):304-311. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000972. PMID: 30624309
Candidiasis (vulvovaginal).
Martin Lopez JE
BMJ Clin Evid 2015 Mar 16;2015 PMID: 25775428Free PMC Article
Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review.
Harvey NC, Holroyd C, Ntani G, Javaid K, Cooper P, Moon R, Cole Z, Tinati T, Godfrey K, Dennison E, Bishop NJ, Baird J, Cooper C
Health Technol Assess 2014 Jul;18(45):1-190. doi: 10.3310/hta18450. PMID: 25025896Free PMC Article

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