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Syphilis

MedGen UID:
21447
Concept ID:
C0039128
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Great Pox
SNOMED CT: Syphilis (76272004); Lues (76272004); Infection by Treponema pallidum (76272004); Luetic disease (76272004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005976

Definition

A contagious bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted disorder, although it can also be transmitted from the mother to the fetus in utero. Typically, it is initially manifested with a single sore which heals without treatment. If the infection is left untreated, the initial stage is followed by skin rash and mucous membrane lesions. A late stage follows, which is characterized by damage of the internal organs, including the nervous system. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tuddenham S, Hamill MM, Ghanem KG
JAMA 2022 Jan 11;327(2):161-172. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.23487. PMID: 35015033
Janier M, Unemo M, Dupin N, Tiplica GS, Potočnik M, Patel R
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Mar;35(3):574-588. Epub 2020 Oct 22 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16946. PMID: 33094521
Roett MA
Am Fam Physician 2020 Mar 15;101(6):355-361. PMID: 32163252

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Peeling RW, Mabey D, Chen XS, Garcia PJ
Lancet 2023 Jul 22;402(10398):336-346. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02348-0. PMID: 37481272
Furtado JM, Simões M, Vasconcelos-Santos D, Oliver GF, Tyagi M, Nascimento H, Gordon DL, Smith JR
Surv Ophthalmol 2022 Mar-Apr;67(2):440-462. Epub 2021 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.003. PMID: 34147542
Tsan GL, Claiborne RT
Clin Exp Optom 2021 Sep;104(7):756-759. Epub 2021 Apr 8 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1906848. PMID: 33831337
Adhikari EH
Obstet Gynecol 2020 May;135(5):1121-1135. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003788. PMID: 32282589
Hook EW 3rd
Lancet 2017 Apr 15;389(10078):1550-1557. Epub 2016 Dec 18 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32411-4. PMID: 27993382

Diagnosis

Luo Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020;10:574806. Epub 2021 Feb 8 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.574806. PMID: 33628742Free PMC Article
Tuddenham S, Katz SS, Ghanem KG
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 24;71(Suppl 1):S21-S42. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa306. PMID: 32578862Free PMC Article
Keuning MW, Kamp GA, Schonenberg-Meinema D, Dorigo-Zetsma JW, van Zuiden JM, Pajkrt D
Lancet Infect Dis 2020 Jul;20(7):e173-e179. Epub 2020 Jun 2 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30268-1. PMID: 32502432
Arando Lasagabaster M, Otero Guerra L
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2019 Jun-Jul;37(6):398-404. Epub 2019 Feb 7 doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.12.009. PMID: 30738716
Morales-Múnera CE, Fuentes-Finkelstein PA, Vall Mayans M
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2015 Jan-Feb;106(1):68-9. Epub 2014 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2014.06.007. PMID: 25245171

Therapy

Sadoghi B, Stary G, Wolf P
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023 May;21(5):504-517. doi: 10.1111/ddg.14999. PMID: 37183747
Luetkemeyer AF, Donnell D, Dombrowski JC, Cohen S, Grabow C, Brown CE, Malinski C, Perkins R, Nasser M, Lopez C, Vittinghoff E, Buchbinder SP, Scott H, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV, Soge OO, Celum C; DoxyPEP Study Team
N Engl J Med 2023 Apr 6;388(14):1296-1306. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2211934. PMID: 37018493Free PMC Article
Molina JM, Charreau I, Chidiac C, Pialoux G, Cua E, Delaugerre C, Capitant C, Rojas-Castro D, Fonsart J, Bercot B, Bébéar C, Cotte L, Robineau O, Raffi F, Charbonneau P, Aslan A, Chas J, Niedbalski L, Spire B, Sagaon-Teyssier L, Carette D, Mestre SL, Doré V, Meyer L; ANRS IPERGAY Study Group
Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Mar;18(3):308-317. Epub 2017 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30725-9. PMID: 29229440
Mason-Jones AJ, Sinclair D, Mathews C, Kagee A, Hillman A, Lombard C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Nov 8;11(11):CD006417. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006417.pub3. PMID: 27824221Free PMC Article
Clement ME, Okeke NL, Hicks CB
JAMA 2014 Nov 12;312(18):1905-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.13259. PMID: 25387188Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Sadoghi B, Stary G, Wolf P
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023 May;21(5):504-517. doi: 10.1111/ddg.14999. PMID: 37183747
Zhang J, Ma B, Han X, Ding S, Li Y
Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2022 Nov;6(11):763-776. Epub 2022 Sep 13 doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00219-X. PMID: 36108664
Furtado JM, Simões M, Vasconcelos-Santos D, Oliver GF, Tyagi M, Nascimento H, Gordon DL, Smith JR
Surv Ophthalmol 2022 Mar-Apr;67(2):440-462. Epub 2021 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.003. PMID: 34147542
Tuddenham S, Ghanem KG
Sex Transm Dis 2018 Mar;45(3):147-151. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000723. PMID: 29420441Free PMC Article
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA 3rd, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA
Lancet 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID: 23245604Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Luo Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020;10:574806. Epub 2021 Feb 8 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.574806. PMID: 33628742Free PMC Article
Yuan SM, Lin H
Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Dec 20;24(6):279-287. Epub 2018 Aug 29 doi: 10.5761/atcs.ra.18-00136. PMID: 30158332Free PMC Article
Macêdo VC, Lira PIC, Frias PG, Romaguera LMD, Caires SFF, Ximenes RAA
Rev Saude Publica 2017 Aug 17;51:78. doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2017051007066. PMID: 28832758Free PMC Article
Kumar B, Muralidhar S
AIDS Patient Care STDS 1998 Dec;12(12):921-5. doi: 10.1089/apc.1998.12.921. PMID: 11362063
Larsen SA
Clin Lab Med 1989 Sep;9(3):545-57. PMID: 2676323

Recent systematic reviews

Wu S, Wang J, Guo Q, Lan H, Sun Y, Ren M, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang L, Su R, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li G
Clin Microbiol Infect 2023 Aug;29(8):1000-1007. Epub 2023 Mar 13 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.002. PMID: 36921717
Tuddenham S, Ghanem KG
Clin Infect Dis 2022 Apr 13;74(Suppl_2):S127-S133. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac060. PMID: 35416969Free PMC Article
Park IU, Tran A, Pereira L, Fakile Y
Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 24;71(Suppl 1):S13-S20. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa349. PMID: 32578866Free PMC Article
Trinh T, Leal AF, Mello MB, Taylor MM, Barrow R, Wi TE, Kamb ML
Sex Reprod Health Matters 2019 Dec;27(1):69-82. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2019.1691897. PMID: 31884900Free PMC Article
Clement ME, Okeke NL, Hicks CB
JAMA 2014 Nov 12;312(18):1905-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.13259. PMID: 25387188Free PMC Article

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