U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)

MedGen UID:
21345
Concept ID:
C0038436
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: PTSD
SNOMED CT: Traumatic neurosis (47505003); PTSD - Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Post-traumatic stress syndrome (47505003); Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Posttraumatic stress disorder (47505003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005146

Definition

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-traumatic stress disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Zaretsky TG, Jagodnik KM, Barsic R, Antonio JH, Bonanno PA, MacLeod C, Pierce C, Carney H, Morrison MT, Saylor C, Danias G, Lepow L, Yehuda R
Curr Neuropharmacol 2024;22(4):636-735. doi: 10.2174/1570159X22666231027111147. PMID: 38284341Free PMC Article
Schrader C, Ross A
Mo Med 2021 Nov-Dec;118(6):546-551. PMID: 34924624Free PMC Article
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Dean E
Nurs Stand 2016 Jul 13;30(46):15. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.46.15.s17. PMID: 27406490
Qi W, Gevonden M, Shalev A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016 Feb;18(2):20. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0655-0. PMID: 26800995Free PMC Article
Rogers P, Liness S
Nurs Stand 2000 Feb 16-22;14(22):47-52; quiz 53-4. doi: 10.7748/ns2000.02.14.22.47.c2763. PMID: 11310039

Diagnosis

Merians AN, Spiller T, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH
Med Clin North Am 2023 Jan;107(1):85-99. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.003. PMID: 36402502
Maercker A, Cloitre M, Bachem R, Schlumpf YR, Khoury B, Hitchcock C, Bohus M
Lancet 2022 Jul 2;400(10345):60-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00821-2. PMID: 35780794
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Kirkpatrick HA, Heller GM
Int J Psychiatry Med 2014;47(4):337-46. doi: 10.2190/PM.47.4.h. PMID: 25084856

Therapy

Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Valiente-Gómez A, Lupo W, García F, Fernández I, Pérez V, Amann BL
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2018 Apr-Jun;11(2):101-114. Epub 2016 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002. PMID: 26877093
Gillies D, Maiocchi L, Bhandari AP, Taylor F, Gray C, O'Brien L
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 11;10(10):CD012371. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012371. PMID: 27726123Free PMC Article
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article
Bisson J
Clin Evid 2002 Jun;(7):913-9. PMID: 12230715

Prognosis

Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
Karadag M, Gokcen C, Sarp AS
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020 Mar;24(1):77-82. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1682171. PMID: 31663396
Alisic E, Zalta AK, van Wesel F, Larsen SE, Hafstad GS, Hassanpour K, Smid GE
Br J Psychiatry 2014;204:335-40. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131227. PMID: 24785767
Reed RV, Fazel M, Goldring L
BMJ 2012 Jun 25;344:e3790. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e3790. PMID: 22734075
Jones C, Bäckman C, Capuzzo M, Egerod I, Flaatten H, Granja C, Rylander C, Griffiths RD; RACHEL group
Crit Care 2010;14(5):R168. Epub 2010 Sep 15 doi: 10.1186/cc9260. PMID: 20843344Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Zuo C, Zhuang Z, Yang P, Zhang H, Li X, Huang T, Ahluwalia TS
J Affect Disord 2023 Jul 15;333:436-445. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080. PMID: 37086801
Rothman EF, Lynch AK
OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2023 Jan;43(1):6-13. Epub 2022 Sep 9 doi: 10.1177/15394492221120799. PMID: 36082458
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Kannan L, Wheeler DS, Blumhof S, Gotfried J, Ferris A, Mathur A, Hembree E, Moyer D, Rangaswami J
Acad Psychiatry 2019 Apr;43(2):167-170. Epub 2018 Apr 11 doi: 10.1007/s40596-018-0911-9. PMID: 29644602
Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Chow B, Harris C, Davis-Karim A, Holmes HA, Hart KL, McFall M, Mellman TA, Reist C, Romesser J, Rosenheck R, Shih MC, Stein MB, Swift R, Gleason T, Lu Y, Huang GD
N Engl J Med 2018 Feb 8;378(6):507-517. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507598. PMID: 29414272

Recent systematic reviews

Seiler N, Davoodi K, Keem M, Das S
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2023 Sep;27(3):292-300. Epub 2023 Apr 17 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2197965. PMID: 37067395
Ramachandran HJ, Bin Mahmud MS, Rajendran P, Jiang Y, Cheng L, Wang W
J Clin Nurs 2023 Jun;32(11-12):2323-2338. Epub 2022 Feb 20 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16265. PMID: 35187740
Hudays A, Gallagher R, Hazazi A, Arishi A, Bahari G
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Dec 15;19(24) doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416836. PMID: 36554717Free PMC Article
Yildiz PD, Ayers S, Phillips L
J Affect Disord 2017 Jan 15;208:634-645. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009. PMID: 27865585
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Genetic Testing Registry

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...