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Abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid morphology

MedGen UID:: 1715873
•Concept ID:: C5397965
•: Finding

HPO:	HP:0032973

Definition

Abnormal type or counts of nucleated immune cells and acellular components in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. BAL us performed with a fiberoptic bronchoscope in the wedged position within a selected bronchopulmonary segment. BAL is commonly used to inform the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease or to monitor therapeutic interventions. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVAbnormal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid morphology

Phenotypic abnormality
- Abnormality of the respiratory system
  - Abnormal respiratory system physiology
    - Abnormal respiratory system morphology
      - Abnormality of the lung
        Abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid morphology
        Abnormal bronchoalveolar fluid protein level
        Absent bronchoalveolar dimeric surfactant-protein B
        Absent bronchoalveolar surfactant-protein C
        Abnormal cellular composition of bronchoalveolar fluid
        Abnormal alveolar macrophage morphology
        Dust particle inclusion in alveolar macrophages
        Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar fluid
        Lipid-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar fluid
        Smoker-inclusions in alveolar macrophages
        Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil proportion
        Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocyte proportion
        Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil proportion
        Bloody bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
        Milky appearance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
        Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

HTLV-I associated bronchioloalveolar disorder (HABA): disease concept and differential diagnosis of an unsolved disease entity.

Ohmoto A, Fuji S, Kohmo S, Katsura K
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023 Jan;21(1):57-63. Epub 2022 Nov 27 doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2151437. PMID: 36437745

Clinical Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Pepsin in Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux among Wheezy Infants.

Abdallah AF, El-Desoky T, Fathi K, Elkashef WF, Zaki A
Can Respir J 2016;2016:9480843. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1155/2016/9480843. PMID: 27516725 Free PMC Article

Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature.

Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield PA, Baker RL, Curfman MF, Eads ME, Israel KS, Norris SA, Webb DH, Zeckel ML
Medicine (Baltimore) 1990 Nov;69(6):361-74. doi: 10.1097/00005792-199011000-00004. PMID: 2233233

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Bronchoalveolar lavage cellular patterns in monoclonal antibody-induced lung disease.

Gupta S, Smith P, Twigg Iii HL, Hage CA
Respiration 2014;88(3):185-9. Epub 2014 Jun 13 doi: 10.1159/000362521. PMID: 24942974

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Yi ES
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002 Nov;39(6):581-629. doi: 10.1080/10408360290795583. PMID: 12484500

Aspiration complicating bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Radford PJ, Stillwell PC, Blue B, Hertel G
Chest 1995 Jan;107(1):185-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.107.1.185. PMID: 7813274

Thoracoscopy for diagnosis of diffuse lung disease.

Ferguson MK
Ann Thorac Surg 1993 Sep;56(3):694-6. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(93)90955-h. PMID: 8379774

Abnormal secretion of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by alveolar macrophages in coal worker's pneumoconiosis: comparison between simple pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis.

Lassalle P, Gosset P, Aerts C, Fournier E, Lafitte JJ, Degreef JM, Wallaert B, Tonnel AB, Voisin C
Exp Lung Res 1990 Jan;16(1):73-80. doi: 10.3109/01902149009064700. PMID: 2307149

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Diagnosis

Biomarkers in COPD.

Tzortzaki EG, Lambiri I, Vlachaki E, Siafakas NM
Curr Med Chem 2007;14(9):1037-48. doi: 10.2174/092986707780362943. PMID: 17439401

Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: the need for early screening and treatment.

Sahhar J, Littlejohn G, Conron M
Intern Med J 2004 Nov;34(11):626-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2004.00674.x. PMID: 15546457

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Yi ES
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002 Nov;39(6):581-629. doi: 10.1080/10408360290795583. PMID: 12484500

Aspiration complicating bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Radford PJ, Stillwell PC, Blue B, Hertel G
Chest 1995 Jan;107(1):185-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.107.1.185. PMID: 7813274

Thoracoscopy for diagnosis of diffuse lung disease.

Ferguson MK
Ann Thorac Surg 1993 Sep;56(3):694-6. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(93)90955-h. PMID: 8379774

See all (223)

Therapy

Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 inhibitor ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through positive regulation of developmental endothelial locus-1.

Panda B, Momin A, Devabattula G, Shrilekha C, Sharma A, Godugu C
Int Immunopharmacol 2024 Oct 25;140:112861. Epub 2024 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112861. PMID: 39106716

When Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is not ARDS.

Tonelli R, Andreani A, Castaniere I, Fantini R, Mengoli C, Rossi G, Marchioni A
Lung 2016 Oct;194(5):865-6. Epub 2016 Jul 2 doi: 10.1007/s00408-016-9917-9. PMID: 27372295

Interstitial lung diseases in children.

Clement A, Nathan N, Epaud R, Fauroux B, Corvol H
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010 Aug 20;5:22. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-5-22. PMID: 20727133 Free PMC Article

The contribution of airway and lung tissue ischemia to primary graft dysfunction.

Diamond JM, Christie JD
Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010 Oct;15(5):552-7. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32833e1415. PMID: 20693898

Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic bronchiolitis in cartilage-hair hypoplasia.

Bailly-Botuha C, Jaubert F, Taam RA, Galmiche L, Picard C, Bellon G, de Blic J
J Pediatr 2008 Mar;152(3):429-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.10.010. PMID: 18280854

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Prognosis

Decoding the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in lung fibrosis.

Wygrecka M, Hadzic S, Potaczek DP, Alexopoulos I, El Agha E, Schaefer L
Pol Arch Intern Med 2023 Jun 30;133(7-8) doi: 10.20452/pamw.16520. PMID: 37387676

The contribution of airway and lung tissue ischemia to primary graft dysfunction.

Diamond JM, Christie JD
Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010 Oct;15(5):552-7. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32833e1415. PMID: 20693898

Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic bronchiolitis in cartilage-hair hypoplasia.

Bailly-Botuha C, Jaubert F, Taam RA, Galmiche L, Picard C, Bellon G, de Blic J
J Pediatr 2008 Mar;152(3):429-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.10.010. PMID: 18280854

Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: the need for early screening and treatment.

Sahhar J, Littlejohn G, Conron M
Intern Med J 2004 Nov;34(11):626-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2004.00674.x. PMID: 15546457

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Yi ES
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002 Nov;39(6):581-629. doi: 10.1080/10408360290795583. PMID: 12484500

See all (119)

Clinical prediction guides

Effectiveness of Bronchofiberoscopy in Diagnosis of Lung Lesions.

Nahorecki A, Postrzech-Adamczyk K, Straszak E, Szuba A, Janczak D, Chabowski M
Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;980:11-17. doi: 10.1007/5584_2017_6. PMID: 28236122

An abnormal phenotype of lung Vγ9Vδ2 T cells impairs their responsiveness in tuberculosis patients.

El Daker S, Sacchi A, Montesano C, Altieri AM, Galluccio G, Colizzi V, Martini F, Martino A
Cell Immunol 2013 Apr;282(2):106-12. Epub 2013 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.05.001. PMID: 23770719

Clinical correlation of asbestos bodies in BAL fluid.

Vathesatogkit P, Harkin TJ, Addrizzo-Harris DJ, Bodkin M, Crane M, Rom WN
Chest 2004 Sep;126(3):966-71. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.3.966. PMID: 15364780

Clinicopathologic characteristics of the lungs of patients with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy.

Sugisaki K, Tsuda T, Kumamoto T, Akizuki S
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998 Jun;58(6):721-5. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.721. PMID: 9660452

Abnormal secretion of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by alveolar macrophages in coal worker's pneumoconiosis: comparison between simple pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis.

Lassalle P, Gosset P, Aerts C, Fournier E, Lafitte JJ, Degreef JM, Wallaert B, Tonnel AB, Voisin C
Exp Lung Res 1990 Jan;16(1):73-80. doi: 10.3109/01902149009064700. PMID: 2307149

See all (156)

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Abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid morphology

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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