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Treacher Collins syndrome 4(TCS4)

MedGen UID:
1712280
Concept ID:
C5394546
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: TCS4; TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME 4
 
Gene (location): POLR1B (2q14.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0030067
OMIM®: 618939

Authors:

Additional description

From OMIM
Treacher Collins syndrome-4 (TCS4) is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphisms including downslanting palpebral fissures, malar and mandibular hypoplasia, and microtia. Most patients have conductive deafness with atretic external ear canals. Choanal atresia and cleft palate have also been observed (Sanchez et al., 2020).  http://www.omim.org/entry/618939

Clinical features

From HPO
Feeding difficulties in infancy
MedGen UID:
436211
Concept ID:
C2674608
Finding
Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.
Conductive hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
9163
Concept ID:
C0018777
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Malar flattening
MedGen UID:
347616
Concept ID:
C1858085
Finding
Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation
MedGen UID:
870821
Concept ID:
C4025279
Finding
A state of respiratory distress that requires a life saving intervention in the form of gaining airway access and instituting positive pressure ventilation.
Downslanted palpebral fissures
MedGen UID:
98391
Concept ID:
C0423110
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Choanal stenosis
MedGen UID:
108427
Concept ID:
C0584837
Finding
Abnormal narrowing of the choana (the posterior nasal aperture).
Facial asymmetry
MedGen UID:
266298
Concept ID:
C1306710
Finding
An abnormal difference between the left and right sides of the face.
Lower eyelid coloboma
MedGen UID:
373417
Concept ID:
C1837826
Disease or Syndrome
A short discontinuity of the margin of the lower eyelid.
Cleft palate
MedGen UID:
756015
Concept ID:
C2981150
Congenital Abnormality
Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).
Preauricular hair displacement
MedGen UID:
869865
Concept ID:
C4024296
Finding
An tongue-like extension of hair towards the cheeks, in which hair growth extends in front of the ear to the lateral cheekbones.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Johns AL, Stock NM, Costa B, Billaud Feragen K, Crerand CE
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023 Sep;60(9):1090-1112. Epub 2022 Apr 5 doi: 10.1177/10556656221091699. PMID: 35382590Free PMC Article
Holinger LD, Weiss KS
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1981 Nov;14(4):1005-17. PMID: 7335355
Converse JM, Wood-Smith D, McCarthy JG, Coccaro PJ, Becker MH
Plast Reconstr Surg 1974 Oct;54(4):413-23. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197410000-00005. PMID: 4412188

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Spierer O
J AAPOS 2023 Aug;27(4):224-226. Epub 2023 May 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.04.008. PMID: 37247805
Rooijers W, Schreuder MJ, Loudon SE, Wan MJ, Dunaway DJ, Padwa BL, Forrest CR, Koudstaal MJ, Caron CJJM
J AAPOS 2022 Feb;26(1):10.e1-10.e6. Epub 2022 Jan 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.10.005. PMID: 35032653
Aspesi A, Ellis SR
Nat Rev Cancer 2019 Apr;19(4):228-238. doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0105-0. PMID: 30670820
Hartzell LD, Chinnadurai S
Clin Perinatol 2018 Dec;45(4):679-697. Epub 2018 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.07.007. PMID: 30396412
Brandstetter KA, Patel KG
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2016 Nov;24(4):495-515. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.006. PMID: 27712817

Diagnosis

Hartzell LD, Chinnadurai S
Clin Perinatol 2018 Dec;45(4):679-697. Epub 2018 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.07.007. PMID: 30396412
Brandstetter KA, Patel KG
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2016 Nov;24(4):495-515. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.006. PMID: 27712817
Lansinger Y, Rayan G
J Hand Surg Am 2015 Apr;40(4):851-4. Epub 2014 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.10.064. PMID: 25543163
Jefferies JL, Kim JJ, Belmont JW, Friedman RA
Tex Heart Inst J 2009;36(4):349-51. PMID: 19693314Free PMC Article
Fazen LE, Elmore J, Nadler HL
Am J Dis Child 1967 Apr;113(4):405-10. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090190051001. PMID: 6024864

Therapy

Qiu X, Zhou Y, Zhou H, Chen X, Xu H, Mooi W, Chen W, Han W, Chai G, Yang X, Zhang Y
J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019 Sep;47(9):1343-1350. Epub 2019 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.07.004. PMID: 31358401
Gordon CT, Weaver KN, Zechi-Ceide RM, Madsen EC, Tavares AL, Oufadem M, Kurihara Y, Adameyko I, Picard A, Breton S, Pierrot S, Biosse-Duplan M, Voisin N, Masson C, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Delrue MA, Lacombe D, Guion-Almeida ML, Moura PP, Garib DG, Munnich A, Ernfors P, Hufnagel RB, Hopkin RJ, Kurihara H, Saal HM, Weaver DD, Katsanis N, Lyonnet S, Golzio C, Clouthier DE, Amiel J
Am J Hum Genet 2015 Apr 2;96(4):519-31. Epub 2015 Mar 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.01.015. PMID: 25772936Free PMC Article
Jefferies JL, Kim JJ, Belmont JW, Friedman RA
Tex Heart Inst J 2009;36(4):349-51. PMID: 19693314Free PMC Article
Miller MT, Strömland K, Ventura L, Johansson M, Bandim JM, Gillberg C
Int J Dev Neurosci 2005 Apr-May;23(2-3):201-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.06.007. PMID: 15749246
Tiner BD, Quaroni AL
Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1996 Mar;4(1):37-52. PMID: 11873461

Prognosis

Gomes LP, Ferraz BG, Brandão MM, Alonso N, Pittoli SV, Tonello C
J Craniofac Surg 2023 Jun 1;34(4):1283-1286. Epub 2023 Jan 20 doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009192. PMID: 36658685
Reid L, Carroll W
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021 Nov;58(11):1438-1442. Epub 2021 Mar 31 doi: 10.1177/1055665621998138. PMID: 33784859
Hartzell LD, Chinnadurai S
Clin Perinatol 2018 Dec;45(4):679-697. Epub 2018 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.07.007. PMID: 30396412
Miyawaki M, Higuchi R, Yoshikawa N
Pediatr Int 2009 Aug;51(4):593-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.02874.x. PMID: 19674374
Horiuchi K, Ariga T, Fujioka H, Kawashima K, Yamamoto Y, Igawa H, Sugihara T, Sakiyama Y
Am J Med Genet A 2005 May 1;134(4):363-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30357. PMID: 15759264

Clinical prediction guides

Ulhaq ZS, Soraya GV, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Arisanti D, Dini B, Astari LF, Hasan YTN, Ayudianti P, Kusuma MAS, Shodry S, Herawangsa S, Nurputra DK, Idaiani S, Tse WKF
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024 Apr;61(4):688-696. Epub 2022 Nov 1 doi: 10.1177/10556656221136177. PMID: 36317361
Gomes LP, Ferraz BG, Brandão MM, Alonso N, Pittoli SV, Tonello C
J Craniofac Surg 2023 Jun 1;34(4):1283-1286. Epub 2023 Jan 20 doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009192. PMID: 36658685
Kohailan M, Al-Saei O, Padmajeya S, Aamer W, Elbashir N, Al-Shabeeb Akil A, Kamboh AR, Fakhro K
Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022 Jun;8(4) Epub 2022 Jun 22 doi: 10.1101/mcs.a006206. PMID: 35732499Free PMC Article
Kato RM, Moura PP, Zechi-Ceide RM, Tonello C, Peixoto AP, Garib D
Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021 Jan;58(1):78-83. Epub 2020 Jul 2 doi: 10.1177/1055665620937499. PMID: 32613853
Horiuchi K, Ariga T, Fujioka H, Kawashima K, Yamamoto Y, Igawa H, Sugihara T, Sakiyama Y
Am J Med Genet A 2005 May 1;134(4):363-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30357. PMID: 15759264

Recent systematic reviews

Tio PAE, Rooijers W, de Gier HHW, Poldermans HG, Koudstaal MJ, Caron CJJM
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024 Jan;62(1):30-37. Epub 2023 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.09.008. PMID: 38057178
Rooijers W, Caron CJJM, Loudon SE, Padwa BL, Dunaway DJ, Forrest CR, Koudstaal MJ
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Sep;49(9):1107-1114. Epub 2020 Mar 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.03.003. PMID: 32217034
Sinclair N, Gharb BB, Papay F, Rampazzo A
J Craniofac Surg 2019 May/Jun;30(3):879-887. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005320. PMID: 30817535
van de Lande LS, Pluijmers BI, Caron CJJM, Wolvius EB, Dunaway DJ, Koudstaal MJ, Padwa BL
J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018 Sep;46(9):1427-1435. Epub 2018 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.05.043. PMID: 29907434
Pluijmers BI, Caron CJ, Dunaway DJ, Wolvius EB, Koudstaal MJ
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014 Mar;43(3):286-95. Epub 2013 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.11.001. PMID: 24332589

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