U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Long-bone fracture

MedGen UID:
1053597
•Concept ID:
CN378046
•
Finding
HPO: HP:0025736

Definition

A partial or complete breakage of a lone bone (e.g., the femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, and ulna). [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management of Pain Associated with Fractures.
Elsevier H, Cannada LK
Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020 Jun;18(3):130-137. doi: 10.1007/s11914-020-00578-3. PMID: 32236905
Fracture risk assessment and clinical decision making for patients with metastatic bone disease.
Damron TA, Mann KA
J Orthop Res 2020 Jun;38(6):1175-1190. Epub 2020 Mar 23 doi: 10.1002/jor.24660. PMID: 32162711Free PMC Article
Osteogenesis imperfecta: diagnosis and treatment.
Palomo T, Vilaça T, Lazaretti-Castro M
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2017 Dec;24(6):381-388. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000367. PMID: 28863000

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Fracture nonunion in long bones: A literature review of risk factors and surgical management.
Nicholson JA, Makaram N, Simpson A, Keating JF
Injury 2021 Jun;52 Suppl 2:S3-S11. Epub 2020 Nov 11 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.029. PMID: 33221036
A Contemporary View of the Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents.
Ward LM, Weber DR, Munns CF, Högler W, Zemel BS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 May 1;105(5):e2088-97. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz294. PMID: 31865390Free PMC Article
Incidence, Costs and Predictors of Non-Union, Delayed Union and Mal-Union Following Long Bone Fracture.
Ekegren CL, Edwards ER, de Steiger R, Gabbe BJ
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 Dec 13;15(12) doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122845. PMID: 30551632Free PMC Article
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders.
Wang CJ
J Orthop Surg Res 2012 Mar 20;7:11. doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-7-11. PMID: 22433113Free PMC Article
Spinal injuries.
Mackenzie R
J R Army Med Corps 2002 Jun;148(2):163-71. doi: 10.1136/jramc-148-02-11. PMID: 12174560

Diagnosis

A Contemporary View of the Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents.
Ward LM, Weber DR, Munns CF, Högler W, Zemel BS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 May 1;105(5):e2088-97. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz294. PMID: 31865390Free PMC Article
Incidence, Costs and Predictors of Non-Union, Delayed Union and Mal-Union Following Long Bone Fracture.
Ekegren CL, Edwards ER, de Steiger R, Gabbe BJ
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 Dec 13;15(12) doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122845. PMID: 30551632Free PMC Article
Osteogenesis imperfecta: diagnosis and treatment.
Palomo T, Vilaça T, Lazaretti-Castro M
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2017 Dec;24(6):381-388. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000367. PMID: 28863000
Blind drunk.
Dholakia S, Hashimi Y, Chawla B
BMJ Case Rep 2013 Mar 6;2013 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008607. PMID: 23470674Free PMC Article
Fat embolism syndrome.
Saigal R, Mittal M, Kansal A, Singh Y, Kolar PR, Jain S
J Assoc Physicians India 2008 Apr;56:245-9. PMID: 18702388

Therapy

Management of Pain Associated with Fractures.
Elsevier H, Cannada LK
Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020 Jun;18(3):130-137. doi: 10.1007/s11914-020-00578-3. PMID: 32236905
Osteogenesis imperfecta: diagnosis and treatment.
Palomo T, Vilaça T, Lazaretti-Castro M
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2017 Dec;24(6):381-388. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000367. PMID: 28863000
Limits of internal fixation in long-bone fracture.
Nieto H, Baroan C
Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017 Feb;103(1S):S61-S66. Epub 2016 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.11.006. PMID: 28082050
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders.
Wang CJ
J Orthop Surg Res 2012 Mar 20;7:11. doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-7-11. PMID: 22433113Free PMC Article
Fat embolism syndrome.
Parisi DM, Koval K, Egol K
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2002 Sep;31(9):507-12. PMID: 12650535

Prognosis

Radiographic Long Bone Fracture Healing Scores: Can they predict non-union?
Chloros GD, Howard A, Giordano V, Giannoudis PV
Injury 2020 Aug;51(8):1693-1695. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.024. PMID: 32718464
A Contemporary View of the Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents.
Ward LM, Weber DR, Munns CF, Högler W, Zemel BS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 May 1;105(5):e2088-97. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz294. PMID: 31865390Free PMC Article
Incidence, Costs and Predictors of Non-Union, Delayed Union and Mal-Union Following Long Bone Fracture.
Ekegren CL, Edwards ER, de Steiger R, Gabbe BJ
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 Dec 13;15(12) doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122845. PMID: 30551632Free PMC Article
Birth-associated long-bone fractures.
Basha A, Amarin Z, Abu-Hassan F
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013 Nov;123(2):127-30. Epub 2013 Jul 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.05.013. PMID: 23992623
Fat embolism syndrome.
Parisi DM, Koval K, Egol K
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2002 Sep;31(9):507-12. PMID: 12650535

Clinical prediction guides

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Why Kids Are Different.
Ward LM
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:576. Epub 2020 Dec 16 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00576. PMID: 33391179Free PMC Article
Radiographic Long Bone Fracture Healing Scores: Can they predict non-union?
Chloros GD, Howard A, Giordano V, Giannoudis PV
Injury 2020 Aug;51(8):1693-1695. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.024. PMID: 32718464
Fracture risk assessment and clinical decision making for patients with metastatic bone disease.
Damron TA, Mann KA
J Orthop Res 2020 Jun;38(6):1175-1190. Epub 2020 Mar 23 doi: 10.1002/jor.24660. PMID: 32162711Free PMC Article
A Contemporary View of the Definition and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents.
Ward LM, Weber DR, Munns CF, Högler W, Zemel BS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 May 1;105(5):e2088-97. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz294. PMID: 31865390Free PMC Article
Incidence, Costs and Predictors of Non-Union, Delayed Union and Mal-Union Following Long Bone Fracture.
Ekegren CL, Edwards ER, de Steiger R, Gabbe BJ
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 Dec 13;15(12) doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122845. PMID: 30551632Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Prevalence of surgical wound infection and related factors in patients after long bone surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Asadi K, Tehrany PM, Salari A, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Mollaei A, Sarafi M, Ashoobi MT, Esmaeili Delshad MS, Takasi P, Fouladpour A, Karkhah S, Farzan R, Aris A
Int Wound J 2023 Dec;20(10):4349-4363. Epub 2023 Jul 10 doi: 10.1111/iwj.14300. PMID: 37424390Free PMC Article
Risk factors for long bone fracture non-union: a stratification approach based on the level of the existing scientific evidence.
Santolini E, West R, Giannoudis PV
Injury 2015 Dec;46 Suppl 8:S8-S19. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(15)30049-8. PMID: 26747924
Clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with abusive and nonabusive head trauma: a systematic review.
Piteau SJ, Ward MG, Barrowman NJ, Plint AC
Pediatrics 2012 Aug;130(2):315-23. Epub 2012 Jul 9 doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1545. PMID: 22778309
Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures.
Gillespie WJ, Walenkamp GH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Mar 17;2010(3):CD000244. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000244.pub2. PMID: 20238310Free PMC Article
Variability in the assessment of fracture-healing in orthopaedic trauma studies.
Corrales LA, Morshed S, Bhandari M, Miclau T 3rd
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008 Sep;90(9):1862-8. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.G.01580. PMID: 18762645Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...