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GTR Home > Conditions/Phenotypes > Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-I-H/S

Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-I-H/S

Synonyms
Hurler-Scheie Syndrome; MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE IH/S
Modes of inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance (Orphanet)

Summary

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive multisystem disorder with features ranging over a continuum of severity. While affected individuals have traditionally been classified as having one of three MPS I syndromes (Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, or Scheie syndrome), no easily measurable biochemical differences have been identified and the clinical findings overlap. Affected individuals are best described as having either a phenotype consistent with either severe (Hurler syndrome) or attenuated MPS I, a distinction that influences therapeutic options. Severe MPS I. Infants appear normal at birth. Typical early manifestations are nonspecific (e.g., umbilical or inguinal hernia, frequent upper respiratory tract infections before age 1 year). Coarsening of the facial features may not become apparent until after age one year. Gibbus deformity of the lower spine is common and often noted within the first year. Progressive skeletal dysplasia (dysostosis multiplex) involving all bones is universal, as is progressive arthropathy involving most joints. By age three years, linear growth decreases. Intellectual disability is progressive and profound but may not be readily apparent in the first year of life. Progressive cardiorespiratory involvement, hearing loss, and corneal clouding are common. Without treatment, death (typically from cardiorespiratory failure) usually occurs within the first ten years of life. Attenuated MPS I. Clinical onset is usually between ages three and ten years. The severity and rate of disease progression range from serious life-threatening complications leading to death in the second to third decade, to a normal life span complicated by significant disability from progressive joint manifestations and cardiorespiratory disease. While some individuals have no neurologic involvement and psychomotor development may be normal in early childhood, learning disabilities and psychiatric manifestations can be present later in life. Hearing loss, cardiac valvular disease, respiratory involvement, and corneal clouding are common. [from GeneReviews]

Available tests

50 tests are in the database for this condition.

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Clinical tests (50 available)

Biochemical Genetics Tests

Molecular Genetics Tests

Genes See tests for all associated and related genes

  • Also known as: IDA, MPS1, MPSI, IDUA
    Summary: alpha-L-iduronidase

Clinical features

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Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

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Reviews

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

  • ACMG Algorithm, 2023
    ACMG Algorithm, MPS I: Decreased Alpha-L-Iduronidase; Elevated Dermatan and Heparan Sulfates, 2023
  • ACMG ACT, 2023
    American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency with or without glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation, Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1 (MPS I), 2023

Molecular resources

Consumer resources

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