Ces1d carboxylesterase 1D [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Ces1dprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: carboxylesterase 1Dprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:2148202
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000056973 AllianceGenome:MGI:2148202
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: TGH; Ces3
Summary: Enables carboxylesterase activity; sterol ester esterase activity; and triacylglycerol lipase activity. Involved in acylglycerol catabolic process. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including cellular lipid catabolic process; circadian temperature homeostasis; and cold-induced thermogenesis. Located in cytosol; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; and lipid droplet. Is expressed in several structures, including cochlear duct; gut; liver; nose; and respiratory system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal system cancer. Orthologous to human CES1 (carboxylesterase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in subcutaneous fat pad adult (RPKM 175.8), liver adult (RPKM 134.4) and 8 other tissues See more
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Genomic context

Location:: 8 C5; 8 45.05 cM

Exon count:: 14

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	8	NC_000074.7 (93892700..93924432, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	8	NC_000074.6 (93166072..93197804, complement)

Chromosome 8 - NC_000074.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Natural deletion of mouse carboxylesterases Ces1c/d/e impacts drug metabolism and metabolic syndrome development.
Title: Natural deletion of mouse carboxylesterases Ces1c/d/e impacts drug metabolism and metabolic syndrome development.
Adipose tissue-specific ablation of Ces1d causes metabolic dysregulation in mice.
Title: Adipose tissue-specific ablation of Ces1d causes metabolic dysregulation in mice.
Carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) does not contribute to cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in the liver.
Title: Carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) does not contribute to cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in the liver.
The Ces1d-deficient mice were protected from high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
Title: Ces1d deficiency protects against high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation.
the carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) and carboxylesterase 1e (Ces1e) expression and the capacity of hydrolytic activity of liver and intestine decreased, whereas the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1alpha/ Stra13 (DEC1) signaling was activated in type 2 diabetes mice.
Title: Decreased carboxylesterases expression and hydrolytic activity in type 2 diabetic mice through Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α/Stra13 pathway.
Inhibition of TGH activity ameliorates atherosclerosis development and improves insulin sensitivity in Ldlr(-/-) mice.
Title: Ces3/TGH deficiency improves dyslipidemia and reduces atherosclerosis in Ldlr(-/-) mice.
TGH-mediated changes in cytosolic lipid droplet dynamics, were investigated.
Title: Altered lipid droplet dynamics in hepatocytes lacking triacylglycerol hydrolase expression.
Loss of TGH/Ces3 in mice decreases blood lipids, improves glucose tolerance, and increases energy expenditure.
Title: Loss of TGH/Ces3 in mice decreases blood lipids, improves glucose tolerance, and increases energy expenditure.
C/EBPalpha participates directly in the regulation of TGH, an enzyme associated with lipolysis
Title: C/EBPalpha activates the transcription of triacylglycerol hydrolase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Carboxylesterase 3 is an adipocyte lyase
Title: Carboxylesterase 3 (EC 3.1.1.1) is a major adipocyte lipase.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (4)
Targeted (2) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Ces3 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:499079

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables carboxylesterase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables carboxylesterase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables carboxylic ester hydrolase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables carboxylic ester hydrolase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester synthase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables retinyl-palmitate esterase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables sterol ester esterase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sterol ester esterase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables triacylglycerol lipase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in acyl-CoA metabolic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in acylglycerol catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to cholesterol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to cold	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cholesterol biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cholesterol homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cholesterol metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within circadian temperature homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cold-induced thermogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cytosolic lipolysis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in lipid catabolic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cholesterol storage	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cholesterol efflux	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of bile acid secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to toxic substance	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in retinol metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in reverse cholesterol transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within short-chain fatty acid catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in lipid droplet	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in lipid droplet	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in lipid droplet	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: carboxylesterase 1D

Names: FAEE synthase; carboxylesterase 3; fatty acid ethyl ester synthase; triacylglycerol hydrolase

NP_444430.2

EC 3.1.1.1

EC 3.1.1.67

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.