vtd verthandi [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: vtdprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: verthandiprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0260987
Locus tag: Dmel_CG17436
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0260987
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 80Fh; CG17436; CG40222; cohesin; Dmel\CG17436; DmRAD21; drad21; dRad21; Drad21; DRad21; DRAD21; l(3)80Fh; l(3)Lh3; l3; lethal 3; rad21; Rad21; RAD21; Rad21/Scc1; scc1; Scc1; Vtd; VTD
Summary: Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chromosome organization; neuron remodeling; and positive regulation of gene expression. Located in pericentric heterochromatin; polytene chromosome interband; and synaptonemal complex. Part of cohesin complex. Is expressed in several structures, including central brain primordium; ganglia; gut section; midgut primordium; and neuroblasts. Used to study Cornelia de Lange syndrome 4. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome 4; endometrial cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma; and lung non-small cell carcinoma. Orthologous to several human genes including RAD21 (RAD21 cohesin complex component). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 80F9-80F9; 3-47 cM

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3L	NT_037436.4 (27136525..27157999)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3LHet	NW_001848857.1 (2243577..2265363)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Study demonstrate that N-terminal acetylation of Scc1 depend on San protein and this co-translational modification is subsequently required for the establishment and/or maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion.
Title: Naa50/San-dependent N-terminal acetylation of Scc1 is potentially important for sister chromatid cohesion.
We demonstrate that the lateral synaptonemal complex component C(2)M can interact directly with Rad21, potentially explaining why Rad21 is required for synaptonemal complex maintenance
Title: The cohesin subunit Rad21 is required for synaptonemal complex maintenance, but not sister chromatid cohesion, during Drosophila female meiosis.
Drosophila Yemanuclein associates with the cohesin and synaptonemal complexes
Title: Drosophila Yemanuclein associates with the cohesin and synaptonemal complexes.
These studies reveal a previously unrecognized role for PRC1 in facilitating productive gene transcription and provide new insights into how cohesin and PRC1 control development.
Title: Cohesin and polycomb proteins functionally interact to control transcription at silenced and active genes.
A direct role for cohesin in gene regulation and ecdysone response in Drosophila salivary glands.
Title: A direct role for cohesin in gene regulation and ecdysone response in Drosophila salivary glands.
Fruit flies whose Rad21 is cleaved by TEV protease show precocious separation of sister chromatids and massive chromosome missegregation in proliferating cells.
Title: Cell-type-specific TEV protease cleavage reveals cohesin functions in Drosophila neurons.
Results suggest that Drad21, as a member of a cohesin complex, is required in Drosophila cultured cells and embryos for proper mitotic progression.
Title: Depletion of Drad21/Scc1 in Drosophila cells leads to instability of the cohesin complex and disruption of mitotic progression.
These results provide strong evidence that DSA1 and Drad21 are partners in a cohesin complex involved in the maintenance of sister chromatid arm and centromeric cohesion during mitosis in Drosophila.
Title: Drosophila cohesins DSA1 and Drad21 persist and colocalize along the centromeric heterochromatin during mitosis.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Annotated by Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, http://www.dhgp.org

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chromatin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chromatin binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in mitotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic sister chromatid cohesion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron remodeling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in sister chromatid cohesion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in sister chromatid cohesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in synaptonemal complex organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of cohesin complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of cohesin complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of cohesin complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in pericentric heterochromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in polytene chromosome interband	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptonemal complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: verthandi

Names: CG17436-PA; CG17436-PB; Rad21; alpha kleisin; alpha-kleisin; cohesin; lethal 3; lethal(3)80Fh; lethal3; vtd-PA; vtd-PB

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

Range

27136525..27157999

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001300711.1 → NP_001287640.1 verthandi, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287640.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A021WW32, G7H826

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam04825
Location:1 → 106

Rad21_Rec8_N; N terminus of Rad21 / Rec8 like protein
NM_001015132.2 → NP_001015132.1 verthandi, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001015132.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

O96689, Q9U6D9, Q9UB09

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam04824
Location:657 → 710

Rad21_Rec8; Conserved region of Rad21 / Rec8 like protein

pfam04825
Location:1 → 106

Rad21_Rec8_N; N terminus of Rad21 / Rec8 like protein