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    ple pale [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 38746, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    pleprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    paleprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0005626
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG10118
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0005626
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    CG10118; DH65B; Dmel\CG10118; DTH; dTH1; dTH65B; Pale; pale/ple; Ple; th; Th; TH; TyrH; VII
    Summary
    Predicted to enable tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity. Involved in several processes, including adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation; regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system; and thermosensory behavior. Predicted to be active in axon; cytoplasm; and perikaryon. Is expressed in several structures, including aminergic neurons; gut section; neuroblast lineage clone; synaptic neuropil domain; and synaptic neuropil subdomain. Used to study Parkinson's disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Parkinson's disease; Parkinsonism; heroin dependence; hypertension; and obesity. Orthologous to human TH (tyrosine hydroxylase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See ple in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    65C3-65C3; 3-17 cM
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (6713356..6719525, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (6706456..6712625, complement)

    Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SP1173 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR44523 Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR45417

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Early manipulation of juvenile hormone has sexually dimorphic effects on mature adult behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Argue KJ, et al. Horm Behav, 2013 Sep. PMID 24012944, Free PMC Article
    2. The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Rescues Mitochondrial Defects and Neuronal Loss in iPSC and Fly Models of Parkinson's Disease. Schöndorf DC, et al. Cell Rep, 2018 Jun 5. PMID 29874584
    3. Metamorphosis of memory circuits in Drosophila reveals a strategy for evolving a larval brain. Truman JW, et al. Elife, 2023 Jan 25. PMID 36695420, Free PMC Article
    4. Dopamine and sensory tissue development in Drosophila melanogaster. Neckameyer W, et al. J Neurobiol, 2001 Jun 15. PMID 11351339
    5. PPL2ab neurons restore sexual responses in aged Drosophila males through dopamine. Kuo SY, et al. Nat Commun, 2015 Jun 30. PMID 26123524, Free PMC Article

    See all (448) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Downregulation of Plasma Membrane Ca[2+] ATPase driven by tyrosine hydroxylase-Gal4 reduces Drosophila lifespan independently of effects in neurons.
      Title: Downregulation of Plasma Membrane Ca(2+) ATPase driven by tyrosine hydroxylase-Gal4 reduces Drosophila lifespan independently of effects in neurons.
    2. activity of tyrosine hydroxylase is also increased by this interaction, in excess of the stimulation resulting from phosphorylation alone
      Title: Direct binding of GTP cyclohydrolase and tyrosine hydroxylase: regulatory interactions between key enzymes in dopamine biosynthesis.
    3. The biochemically conserved regulatory mechanisms of recombinant DTH parallel those from mammals.
      Title: Biochemical conservation of recombinant Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase with its mammalian cognates.
    4. maternal as well as embryonic effects on the secretion and/or functionality of Tyrosine hydroxylase (pale) may play roles in the early developmental program of the organism.
      Title: Maternal and embryonic sources of tyrosine hydroxylase during Drosophila embryogenesis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables iron ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in adult locomotory behavior IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in aromatic amino acid metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in catecholamine biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in catecholamine metabolic process NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in courtship behavior NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cuticle pigmentation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in developmental pigmentation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in dopamine metabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in male courtship behavior IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to wounding IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in thermosensory behavior IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in thermotaxis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in wing disc development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in axon IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in perikaryon IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    pale
    Names
    CG10118-PA
    CG10118-PB
    CG10118-PC
    Tyrosine-3-hydroxylase
    XBB70 group VII
    drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase
    ple-PA
    ple-PB
    ple-PC
    tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
    tyrosine hydrodroxylase
    tyrosine hydroxylase
    tyrosine-hydroxylase
    tyrosone hydroxylase
    NP_001286955.1
    NP_476897.1
    NP_476898.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      6713356..6719525 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001300026.1 → NP_001286955.1  pale, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001286955.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P18459, Q24000, Q8SY95
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5X0J4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR01269
      Location:130 → 576
      Tyr_3_monoox; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tetrameric

    2. NM_057549.3 → NP_476897.1  pale, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476897.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P18459
      Related
      FBpp0076665
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01269
      Location:48 → 505
      Tyr_3_monoox; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tetrameric
      cd04930
      Location:48 → 163
      ACT_TH; ACT domain of the nonheme iron-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylases (TH)
      pfam00351
      Location:172 → 502
      Biopterin_H; Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

    3. NM_057550.4 → NP_476898.1  pale, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476898.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P18459, Q24000, Q8SY95
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5X0J4
      Related
      FBpp0076666
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR01269
      Location:130 → 576
      Tyr_3_monoox; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tetrameric
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    B5X0J4 B5X0J4
    P18459.2 P18459

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