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    Arr2 Arrestin 2 [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 38993, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Arr2provided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Arrestin 2provided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0000121
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG5962
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000121
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    49; AH; arr; Arr; Arr-2; arr2; ARR2; ArrB; ArrB-ml; Beta-Arrestin; CG5962; DAII; DmArrestin-2; Dmel\CG5962; Dro.-Arr.II; PRI
    Summary
    Predicted to enable G protein-coupled receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; photoreceptor cell maintenance; and sensory perception of smell. Located in subrhabdomeral cisterna. Is expressed in several structures, including adult head; compound sense organ; imaginal disc; photoreceptor neurons; and rhabdomere. Used to study sensorineural hearing loss. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

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    See Arr2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    66D9-66D9; 3-26 cM
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (8647261..8648936, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (8640361..8642036, complement)

    Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Cuticular protein 66D Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Peroxin 7 Neighboring gene hairy Neighboring gene long non-coding RNA:CR44526

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Nonvisual arrestin oligomerization and cellular localization are regulated by inositol hexakisphosphate binding. Milano SK, et al. J Biol Chem, 2006 Apr 7. PMID 16439357
    2. Signaling roles of phosphoinositides in the retina. Rajala RVS. J Lipid Res, 2021. PMID 32540927, Free PMC Article
    3. Phosrestin I, an arrestin homolog that undergoes light-induced phosphorylation in dipteran photoreceptors. Komori N, et al. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 1994 Jun. PMID 7519097
    4. Light-induced phosphorylation of retina-specific polypeptides of Drosophila in vivo. Matsumoto H, et al. Science, 1984 Jan 13. PMID 6419348
    5. Nucleotide sequence of the arrestin-like 49 Kd protein gene of Drosophila miranda. Krishnan R, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 1990 Oct 11. PMID 2216789, Free PMC Article

    See all (181) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The pleiotropic functions of Pri smORF peptides synchronize leg development regulators.
      Title: The pleiotropic functions of Pri smORF peptides synchronize leg development regulators.
    2. identify a previously uncharacterized enzyme of ecdysone biosynthesis, GstE14, and find that ecdysone triggers pri expression to define the onset of epidermal trichome development
      Title: Pri peptides are mediators of ecdysone for the temporal control of development.
    3. Rapid calcium/calmodulin-dependent release of arrestin (Arr)2 from NINAC upon Ca2+ influx accounts for the acceleration of translocation by phototransduction.
      Title: Regulation of arrestin translocation by Ca2+ and myosin III in Drosophila photoreceptors.
    4. This study indicated that Arr2 translocation in Drosophila photoreceptors is driven by diffusion, but profoundly accelerated by phototransduction and Ca2+ influx.
      Title: Arrestin translocation is stoichiometric to rhodopsin isomerization and accelerated by phototransduction in Drosophila photoreceptors.
    5. Findings demonstrate that light-induced translocation of Arr2 occurs through a noncanonical rhodopsin/Rac2 pathway, which is distinct from the classical phototransduction cascade.
      Title: Light-induced translocation of Drosophila visual Arrestin2 depends on Rac2.
    6. We developed a steady-state stochastic model to interpret the dependence of the PDA on effective light intensity and arrestin content and to help deduce the arrestin to rhodopsin ratio from the sensitivity and PDA data.
      Title: Photoreceptor responses of fruitflies with normal and reduced arrestin content studied by simultaneous measurements of visual pigment fluorescence and ERG.
    7. CaMKII is involved in the negative regulation of the visual response affecting light adaptation, possibly by catalyzing phosphorylation of Arr2
      Title: Role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in Drosophila photoreceptors.
    8. news: beta-arrestin is now identified as a regulator of ubiquination and degradation of the Notch receptor
      Title: Receptor regulation: beta-arrestin moves up a notch.
    9. a constitutively active arrestin mutant can both induce agonist-independent internalization and stabilize the agonist-high affinity state of an arrestin-insensitive G protein coupled receptor.
      Title: The interaction of a constitutively active arrestin with the arrestin-insensitive 5-HT(2A) receptor induces agonist-independent internalization.
    10. data suggest a novel model of arrestin-2 regulation mediated by inositol hexakisphosphate
      Title: Nonvisual arrestin oligomerization and cellular localization are regulated by inositol hexakisphosphate binding.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables opsin binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of opsin-mediated signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of opsin-mediated signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating phototransduction signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating phototransduction signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in photoreceptor cell maintenance IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sensory perception of smell IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sensory perception of sound IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    colocalizes_with rhabdomere IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in rhabdomere IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in subrhabdomeral cisterna IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    arrestin 2
    Names
    49kD arrestin homolog
    Arr2-PA
    Arrestin-2
    Beta-Arrestin
    CG5962-PA
    arrestin
    arrestin B
    arrestin-like protein
    arrestin2
    phosrestin I
    phosrestin-1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      8647261..8648936 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_079252.3 → NP_523976.1  arrestin 2 [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523976.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P19107, Q9VSN6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8E775, Q5BIJ0
      Related
      FBpp0076326
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:192 → 350
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      pfam00339
      Location:17 → 172
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P19107.2 P19107
    Q5BIJ0 Q5BIJ0

    Gene LinkOut

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